The relationship of loneliness, social isolation, and physical health to dietary adequacy of independently living elderly

Walker, R.D.; Beauchene, Roy E.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)01111-1

Cited by 148 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Atherosclerosis and higher systolic blood pressure 7,42 are associated with increased total peripheral resistance, 52 which leads to arterial stiffening and increased systolic blood pressure. 52 Longitudinal studies showed that individuals who experienced social isolation and loneliness had more behavioral factors, including smoking, 8,9 alcohol use, 53 physical inactivity, 10,11 and poor diet quality, 12 that may further be associated with the progression of CVD. Contrary to our hypothesis, social support did not modify the association of social isolation or loneliness with CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal studies showed that individuals who experienced social isolation and loneliness had more behavioral factors, including smoking, 8 , 9 alcohol use, 53 physical inactivity, 10 , 11 and poor diet quality, 12 that may further be associated with the progression of CVD. Our findings showed that postmenopausal women with high social isolation and loneliness scores vs low social isolation and loneliness scores had a greater likelihood of reporting a history of diabetes and depression and that a greater percentage reported currently smoking, consuming less than 1 drink per week, and having poorer overall health, less social support, and lower levels of physical activity and physical functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Of note, there is increasing evidence that both social isolation and loneliness are associated with CVD risk factors such as increased blood pressure, 7 higher cholesterol levels, obesity, smoking, 8 , 9 physical inactivity, 10 , 11 and poor diet quality. 12 Whereas social isolation is the objective measure of social interactions and relationships, loneliness is the subjective feeling of being socially isolated. 6 , 13 The experiences of social isolation and feelings of loneliness have been shown to be mildly correlated 14 ; however, they are distinct constructs, and research has shown that social isolation and loneliness are associated with different adverse outcomes of health and well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women in the US

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Social isolation and loneliness are increasing public health concerns and have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident CVD in a large cohort of postmenopausal women and whether social support moderated these associations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis prospective cohort study, conducted from March 2011 through March 2019, included community-living US women aged 65 to 99 years from the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study II who had no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary heart disease.EXPOSURES Social isolation and loneliness were ascertained using validated questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe main outcome was major CVD, which was physician adjudicated using medical records and included coronary heart disease, stroke, and death from CVD.Continuous scores of social isolation and loneliness were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CVD were calculated for women with high social isolation and loneliness scores (midpoint of the upper half of the distribution) vs those with low scores (midpoint of the lower half of the distribution) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, educational level, and depression and then adding relevant health behavior and health status variables. Questionnaire-assessed social support was tested as a potential effect modifier. RESULTS Among 57 825 women (mean [SD] age, 79.0 [6.1] years; 89.1% White), 1599 major CVD events occurred over 186 762 person-years. The HR for the association of high vs low social isolation scores with CVD was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.13-1.23), and the HR for the association of high vs low loneliness scores with CVD was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.10-1.18). The HRs after additional adjustment for health behaviors and health status were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.12; 8.0% higher risk) for social isolation and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01-1.09; 5.0% higher risk) for loneliness. Women with both high social isolation and high loneliness scores had a 13.0% to 27.0% higher risk of incident CVD than did women with low social isolation and low loneliness scores. Social support was not a significant effect modifier of the associations (social isolation × social support: r, -0.18; P = .86; loneliness × social support: r, 0.78; P = .48). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cohort study, social isolation and loneliness were independently associated with modestly higher risk of CVD among postmenopausal women in the US, and women with both social isolation and loneliness had greater CVD risk than did those with either exposure alone. The findings suggest that these prevalent psychosocial processes merit increased attention for prevention of CVD in older women, particularly in the era of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women in the US

et al. 2022

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“…Given this, understanding the relationship between food restriction and loneliness among this vulnerable population is an important area for future research. Past research identified how social isolation can contribute to negative eating habits in the elderly (Bianchetti, Rozzini, Carabellese, Zanetti, & Trabucchi, 1990; Davis, Murphy, Neuhaus, & Lein, 1990; Walker & Beauchene, 1991). Our research suggests the opposite pathway—that eating habits (in particular, restricted food) could contribute to older adults’ experience of social isolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food restriction and the experience of social isolation.

Woolley

Fishbach

Wang

2020

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Across 7 studies, food restrictions increased loneliness by limiting the ability to bond with others through similar food consumption. We first found that food restrictions predict loneliness using observer- and self-reports among children and adults (Studies 1–3). Next, we found mediation by the experience of worry and moderation by eating similar food as others. When restricted individuals were unable to bond over a meal (i.e., they ate different vs. the same food as others), they worried. These “food worries” mediated the effect of restrictions on loneliness (Studies 4 and 5). Moving to controlled experiments, manipulating the presence of a food restriction for unrestricted individuals increased reported loneliness (Study 6). This effect replicated in an experiment that capitalized on a naturally occurring food restriction—the holiday of Passover—where Jewish observers were restricted from eating chametz (leavened food; Study 7). Overall, while both food restrictions and loneliness are on the rise; this research found they may be related epidemics.

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“…Socially active people had a higher rate of consuming food [ 45 ]. Eating food with someone accompany increased the feel of healthiness [ 46 ]. This finding was observed in other studies as well that geriatric people who lived with their family had normal nutrition [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition assessment and geriatric associated conditions among free living elderly people in Birjand, East of Iran: a cross-sectional study

Hoseinzadeh‐Chahkandak

Rahimlou

Salmani

et al. 2021

BMC Geriatr

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Background Few data are available on the nutritional status of Iranian geriatric population. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional status of older adults’ population in Birjand, East of Iran. Methods The community-based cohort study was performed on older adults population (60 years and older) living in urban and rural areas of Birjand. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire was used to assess nutritional status. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluation were also performed for all of the participants. Results A total of 1417 geriatric person were enrolled in this study, which, most of them were female (51.9 %). According to MNA tool, most of the participants (73.3 %) had normal nutrition (MNA score ≥ 24). Malnourished (MNA score < 17) and at high risk of malnutrition (MNA score: 17- 23.5) were constituted 0.9 % and 25.8 % of the participants, respectively. Marital status, occupation, period of education and family member were associated with nutritional status. Multiple logistic regression showed that with increase of body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.96), education years (OR = 0.95), hemoglobin (OR = 0.86) and lymphocyte (OR = 0.98), the odds of malnutrition decreased, but with increase of age the odds (1.03) of malnutrition is also elevated. Conclusions MNA could successfully forecast the risk of malnutrition and malnourished people. Sociodemographic factors are associated with the nutritional status.

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The relationship of loneliness, social isolation, and physical health to dietary adequacy of independently living elderly

Cited by 148 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women in the US

Evaluation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women in the US

Food restriction and the experience of social isolation.

Nutrition assessment and geriatric associated conditions among free living elderly people in Birjand, East of Iran: a cross-sectional study

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