The relationship of compensated to decompensated hydrocephalus in the cat

Hochwald, G. M.; Epstein, Fred J.; Malhan, C.; Ransohoff, Joseph

doi:10.3171/jns.1973.39.6.0694

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In our study, injection of kaolin (dose of 50 mg / kg) in the cisterna magna, was efficient in the induction of hydrocephalus (93.7% of dogs developed radiologically hydrocephalus). Our success rate of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus was similar to those reported by Hochwald 15 are not yet fully understood. Kaolin produces an intense inflammation restricted to the meninges and consequentional obstruction of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie beyond the obliteration of the basal cisterns and of the cisterna magna.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Twelve dogs died during the experiment, 2 in group one (control) and 10 in hydrocephalus groups (2 and 3) with an overall mortality of 38.4% among animals from hydrocephalus groups). Hydrocephalus was observed radiographically in 15 There was no significant difference between the ventricular ratios obtained immediately before and after 4 and 8 weeks in animals of group 1 (simulation of induction of hydrocephalus), p = 0, 9637, three groups, Kruskal-Wallis -ANOVA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 -without hydrocephalus, 2 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week. Key words: Hydrocephalus. Corpus Callosum. Myelin Sheath. Dogs. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1-sem hidrocefalia, 2-quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3-oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo-cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75% e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4%. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana. Descritores: Hidrocefalia. Corpo Caloso. Bainha de Mielina. Cães. Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogsActa Cirúrgica Brasileira -Vol. 26 (Suppl. 2) 2011 -9

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…3). Similar observations were reported earlier for both cats [2,5,7] and dogs [16]. The pressure levels observed in this study are relatively lower than those reported earlier.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Previous studies [1,3,4,11,13] clarified certain physiological parameters pertaining to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in hydrocephalus. Those studies were performed on adult animals and the ventricular volumes described were considerably smaller in comparison to those seen in sick infants [4,[14][15][16] unless special techniques were employed [2,6,7], These studies also suggested the possibility of the 'arrest' of the hydrocephalic process in a proportion greater than that seen in humans [9]. It seemed therefore more relevant to conduct similar studies on newborn animals with growing brain and nonunited skull bones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Progressive Hydrocephalus in the Young Animal

Sahar¹

1979

Pediatr Neurosurg

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22 puppies with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus were repeatedly studied for 4 months in respect to their head size, ventricular size, pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The intraventricular pressure was markedly elevated during the first week and dropped towards the end of the first month of the hydrocephalic process. It then escalated and again returned to normal values after 3–4 months. Formation of CSF increased with age until it reached adult values of 0.049 ml/min at the age of 3 months. Absorption rates were very low initially. The absorptive capacity surpassed formation in the puppies which survived to the fourth month of the process. Ventricular size and rate of head enlargement correlated inversely with thickness of the skull. In the surviving puppies (4 out of 22) the hydrocephalic process seemed to have arrested.

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“…Mathematical modeling for hydrocephalus, as described in the article by Rekate et al, 17 may explain why removal of part of the cranium can cause significant change in CSF dynamics. Hochwald et al 6 demonstrated blunted CSF absorption after craniectomies and investigated impaired periventricular venous circulation. In the present study, we could not address the effect of craniectomy size directly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrocephalus associated with childhood nonaccidental head trauma

Vadivelu

Rekate

Esernio-Jenssen

et al. 2016

FOC

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OBJECTIVE The incidence of posttraumatic ventriculomegaly (PTV) and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after nonaccidental head trauma (NAHT) is unknown. In the present study, the authors assessed the timing of PTV development, the relationship between PTV and decompressive craniectomy (DC), and whether PTV necessitated placement of a permanent shunt. Also, NAHT/PTV cases were categorized into a temporal profile of delay in admission and evaluated for association with outcomes at discharge. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients diagnosed with NAHT throughout a 10-year period. Cases in which sequential CT scans had been obtained (n = 28) were evaluated for Evans' index to determine the earliest time ventricular dilation was observed. Discharge outcomes were assessed using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury score. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent (11 of 28) of the patients developed PTV. A low admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score predicted early PTV presentation (within < 3 days) versus a high GCS score (> 1 week). A majority of PTV/NAHT patients presented with a subdural hematoma (both convexity and interhemispheric) and ischemic stroke, but subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly associated with PTV/NAHT (p = 0.011). Of 6 patients undergoing a DC for intractable intracranial pressure, 4 (67%) developed PTV (p = 0.0366). These patients tended to present with lower GCS scores and develop ventriculomegaly early. Only 2 patients developed hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS PTV presents early after NAHT, particularly after a DC has been performed. However, the authors found that only a few PTV/NAHT patients developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.

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The relationship of compensated to decompensated hydrocephalus in the cat

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Experimental Progressive Hydrocephalus in the Young Animal

Hydrocephalus associated with childhood nonaccidental head trauma

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