The Relationship of Cilia With Cell Division and Differentiation

Fonte, Virginia; Searls, Robert L.; Hilfer, S. Robert

doi:10.1083/jcb.49.1.226

Cited by 89 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This morphological definition is based on detailed ultrastructural analysis of two established cell lines, RPE1 and IMCD3 cells. It fits with images found in published TEM studies, where a morphologically similar membrane domain is visible in many different cell types such as fibroblasts (Sorokin, 1962;Wheatley, 1969), smooth muscle cells (Sorokin, 1962), mesenchyme limb bud cells (Fonte et al, 1971), chondrocytes (Jensen et al, 2004), gingival cells (Nikai et al, 1970), secretory cells of the adenohypophysis (Dingemans, 1969), keratocytes (Smith et al, 1969) and neurons (Brechbuhl et al, 2008;Breunig et al, 2008;Han et al, 2008). We show the presence of a ciliary pocket in cells from the cumulus around ovulated oocytes ( Fig.…”

Section: The Ciliary Pocket: Characterisation and Cell-type Specificisupporting

confidence: 75%

The ciliary pocket: an endocytic membrane domain at the base of primary and motile cilia

Mollà-Herman

Ghossoub

Blisnick

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

254

304

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SummaryCilia and flagella are eukaryotic organelles involved in multiple cellular functions. The primary cilium is generally non motile and found in numerous vertebrate cell types where it controls key signalling pathways. Despite a common architecture, ultrastructural data suggest some differences in their organisation. Here, we report the first detailed characterisation of the ciliary pocket, a depression of the plasma membrane in which the primary cilium is rooted. This structure is found at low frequency in kidney epithelial cells (IMCD3) but is associated with virtually all primary cilia in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE1). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence analysis and videomicroscopy revealed that the ciliary pocket establishes closed links with the actinbased cytoskeleton and that it is enriched in active and dynamic clathrin-coated pits. The existence of the ciliary pocket was confirmed in mouse tissues bearing primary cilia (cumulus), as well as motile cilia and flagella (ependymal cells and spermatids). The ciliary pocket shares striking morphological and functional similarities with the flagellar pocket of Trypanosomatids, a trafficking-specialised membrane domain at the base of the flagellum. Our data therefore highlight the conserved role of membrane trafficking in the vicinity of cilia.

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Section: The Ciliary Pocket: Characterisation and Cell-type Specificisupporting

confidence: 75%

The ciliary pocket: an endocytic membrane domain at the base of primary and motile cilia

Mollà-Herman

Ghossoub

Blisnick

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

254

304

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“…Microtubules in these cells radiate in all directions from a generally prominent cell center containing a Golgi apparatus, numerous vesicles, centrioles, and dense centriolar satellites. It has been reported that centrioles may function as ciliary basal bodies in similar mesenchymal cells in other systems (9), but cilia have not been observed on mesenchymal cells in the present study. Microtubules radiating from the cell center usually appear singly in the cytoplasm, and paraxial association between microtubules is not often observed.…”

Section: Organization Of Microtubules In Myogenic Cells At Progressivcontrasting

confidence: 38%

Microtubular Organization in Elongating Myogenic Cells

Warren

1974

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Microtubule organization has been studied in serially sectioned myogenic cells in the tail muscle regeneration blastema of Rana pipiens tadpoles. In mesenchymal cells and in some premyoblasts, microtubules radiate from centriolar satellites in a cell center, while in more mature myoblasts a n d myotubes the centrioles no longer appear to serve as organizing centers for microtubules. In all elongate, fusiform myogenic cells, the microtubules are predominately oriented in the longitudinal axis of the cell. Counts of microtubules in transverse sections spaced at regular intervals along the cells show that the absolute number of microtubules is greatest in the thickened midregions of the cells and decreases relatively smoothly toward the tapered ends of the cells. Close paraxial association of microtubules (within 40 nm surface-to-surface) occurs along the entire lengths of cells but appears with greatest frequency in their tapered ends. In two myoblasts, serial sections were used to trace all microtubules in 8-~m long segments of the cells located about midway between the nucleus and one end of the cell. Since tracings show that as many as 50% of the microtubules terminate within the 8-/zm long segment, it seems unlikely that any microtubules extend the entire length of the cell. It is proposed that lateral interactions between paraxial microtubules stabilize the overall microtubular apparatus and contribute to maintenance of the bipolar form of the cells. A three-dimensional model of the complete microtubular array in one of the 8-urn long segments of a myoblast has been constructed. The model reveals that a few microtubules within the segment are bent into smooth curves and loops that could be generated by sliding interaction between paraxial microtubules.Microtubules are recognized as cytoskeletal elements that play an important role in the maintenance of cell shape and in the organization of cellular cytoplasm (29). The organizational patterns of microtubules in cells vary with the shape of the cell and with its function. A common microtubular pattern in cells is a radial dispersion of microtubules from the cell center, a region near the nucleus which usually contains a centriolar pair. Such radially arranged microtubules may be associated with movements of cytoplasmic particles towards or away from the cell center (2,10,22,28,44) or with secretion (21, 45). A good deal of study has been focused on the roles that microtubules 550

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“…In general, the presence of a primary cilium is associated with cells not undergoing mitosis since the anchor of the cilium is the basal body, a structure that derives from the mother centriole (Fonte et al, 1971; arrest, whereas ovarian germ cells continue to proliferate and undergo meiosis at 13.5 dpc Hilscher, 1974). Thus, it was surprising that a primary cilium was not detected in testicular germ cells at 13.5 dpc but in some ovarian germ cells.…”

Section: Primary Cilia In Gonad Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is discordance in the role of cell cycle and ciliogenesis observed between in vitro and in vivo systems. In cell culture, most cells ciliate only after exit from the cell cycle, whereas, in vivo, a myriad of rapidly mitosing cells have a primary cilium (Fonte et al, 1971;Goetz et al, 2012;. Furthermore, some differentiated cell types also lack a primary cilium, in vivo (Aughsteen, 2001).…”

Section: The Role Of the Primary Cilium In Gonadal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the presence of a primary cilium is associated with cells not undergoing mitosis since the anchor of the cilium is the basal body, a structure that derives from the mother centriole (Fonte et al, 1971;. However, there is discordance in the role of cell cycle and ciliogenesis observed between in vitro and in vivo systems.…”

Section: Primary Cilia In Gonad Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of signalling pathways in urogenital ridge differentiation

Wainwright¹

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First, the function of the ROBO2-SLIT2 pathway in patterning the kidney domain in the early urogenital ridge was examined. Loss of Robo2 in mouse and human is known to result in the formation of supernumerary kidneys driven by an expansion of Gdnf expression. Examination of the early urogenital ridge revealed that the number of cells in the nephrogenic cord was increased in Robo2-null mice, resulting in ectopic caudal mesonephric tubules and an expanded metanephric mesenchyme. In addition, the metanephric mesenchyme fails to separate from the Wolffian duct during kidney development, suggesting that the morphogenesis of the metanephric mesenchyme away from the Wolffian duct may result from active cell migration.Second, the anterior-posterior extension of the intermediate mesoderm and the upper and lower urinary tract differentiation was investigated in Wnt5a-null mice. It was observed that Wnt5a-null mice develop a horseshoe kidney. Underlying horseshoe kidney formation, Wolffian duct migration and insertion into the cloaca are disrupted in Wnt5a-null mice. These defects were reminiscent of mice with perturbed retinoic acid signalling, which led to the finding that the Wolffian duct is exposed to abnormally high levels of retinoic acid in Wnt5a-null mice. Therefore, the likely underlying cause of Wolffian duct migration defects in Wnt5a-null mice is exposure to increased retinoic acid concentrations, secondary to the failure of global axis extension. iv Third, the anterior-posterior extension of the gonad domain in intermediate mesoderm patterning was investigated by studying mouse mutants with a defect in retrograde trafficking of primary cilia.Mouse mutants of the primary cilium component Ift144, develop XY and XX gonads that are larger than wild-type. Investigation of the early patterning of the urogenital ridge found the anteriorposterior domain of the gonad was extended with a concomitant extension of the embryo trunk axis.Extension of the anterior-posterior gonad axis resulted in an increase in testis cord number, suggesting that the gonad domain is partitioned along the available space rather than partitioned a finite number of times. In addition, somitogenesis in the trunk of the embryo was disrupted, with somitogenesis in the tail proceeding correctly, suggesting that perturbed somite segmentation may be the cause of the increased trunk extension. Thus, analysis of Ift144 mouse mutants has suggested that the length of the trunk axis of the embryo is the main determinant of the gonad anteriorposterior domain and helped to clarify the paradigm of testis cord formation.Fourth, the expression, regulation and function of the microRNA miR-202 was examined in testis differentiation. miR-202-5p/3p was detected as being expressed specifically in the Sertoli cells, during XY gonad differentiation. Over-expression of pri-miR-202 in XX gonads did not perturb XX gonad differentiation, suggesting that pri-miR-202 does not directly antagonize the XX differentiation pathway. Furthermore, investigation of the pri...

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The Relationship of Cilia With Cell Division and Differentiation

Cited by 89 publications

References 12 publications

The ciliary pocket: an endocytic membrane domain at the base of primary and motile cilia

The ciliary pocket: an endocytic membrane domain at the base of primary and motile cilia

Microtubular Organization in Elongating Myogenic Cells

The role of signalling pathways in urogenital ridge differentiation

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