The Relationship of Cement Consumption and Economic Growth: An Updated Approach

Subiyanto, Effnu

doi:10.35808/ersj/1638

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The total installed capacity reached 131.75 million tons of cement annually, while consumption gradually decreased and reached far below the numbers. This condition caused the country to experience an oversupply of cement products due to overconfidence in previous planning (Subiyanto, 2020a ). The outbreak of COVID-19 first emerged at the end of 2019 and has aggravated the bitterest environment of the cement sector in Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia

Subiyanto

Kurniawan

2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A bonus is an additional annual incentive for labour, as part of remuneration package systems, that goes hand-in-hand with a tantième for boards of commissioners and directors. This practical business is common in industrial relations for maintaining a spirit of productivity and loyalty. However, practices to distribute bonuses remain undisclosed and unknown, according to the views of labour. Without an earlier mutual agreement between parties, consisting of labour representatives and management, management unilaterally decides a specific bonus formulation that takes effect immediately. The management ignored suggestions and advice from labour as its partner; worse, there were no discussions between parties in advance. There are no equal labour and management rights to build a better industrial relations climate. We employed mixed methods and conducted multidisciplinary studies to determine cluster and bonus pool allocation with relevant peers to investigate how to build a fair bonus formulation. We adopted a target-based method rather than an outcome-based framework after several exercises. The most important finding is that the bonus formulation, configured from the annual bonus, utilised three underpinning percentiles (P): P-25, P-50, and P-75 implying the lowest, medium, and highest total remuneration for labour, respectively. We determine that success indicators in developing fair bonus formulation stand on how high total remuneration has been achieved by labour towards the median level of peers. The higher the value passed over the median line, the higher the success rate. The present findings contribute to building fair annual bonus formulations in the cement sector; however, other industrial sectors can use them with adequate adjustments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia

Subiyanto

Kurniawan

2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, from the perspective of socioeconomic metabolism, cement consumption is an indicator of natural resources exploitation along with its environmental impacts [5]. Various socioeconomic factors such as GNP [4], GDP [6] [7], urbanization [7] [8], infrastructure projects or fixed investment [5] [9], population growth [6], and economic growth [10] motivate the demand. A previous study proclaimed that 1% of economic growth in Indonesia will expand cement consumption by 5.96% [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing regional development in Indonesia based on GDP and cement consumption from 2010 to 2020

Siringo

Suwardi

Haryono

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article analyses regional development in Indonesia from 2010-2020, based on its cement consumption. It investigates the relationship between cement demand, GDP, population, and urbanization by using Ordinary Least Square regression. In this period, Java known as the central cement producer and intake most of the product from the market. However, cement consumption per capita (CCP) in Kalimantan was the highest during 2010-2015 and in Sulawesi during 2016-2020. Meanwhile, high distribution cost has caused Eastern Indonesia consumed cement the least. The regression analysis shows that nationally and in four regions, variables GDP and population have positively influence while urbanization has negative influence on the cement demand. This relationship, however, do not exist in Sulawesi and Maluku-Papua. Negative coefficient values of urbanization indicate that road transport infrastructures and public facilities has played a more important role in urban cement consumption rather than public housing. Secondly, we found that GDP per capita (GDPP) positively affect the CCP, unless in Kalimantan region. An increase of 1% GDPP will cause national CCP to raise by 0.005%, regional CCP in Java and Sumatra by 0.005% as well, but in Sulawesi, Bali-Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku-Papua, CCP will raise by 0.01%. The extreme CCP gap portrayed the disproportionate in regional development in the country. Although massive infrastructure projects have lessened the gap, it is necessary to have an adequate supply of the product in each region with affordable price to accelerate regional development.

show abstract

“…Most of the environmental problems associated with cement production relate to the manufacture of clinker, and especially the high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption [1]. However, in the face of growing environmental challenges, cement industries are now constrained to limit its environmental impact by finding an alternative binder to cement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Eco-Friendly Mortars Produced with Blast Furnace Slag, Calcined Eggshell and Brick Waste: Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Assessment

Boukour¹,

Bouteldja²,

Bensaifi³

2022

ACSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The granulated blast furnace slag exhibits pozzolanic reactivity when combined with appropriate activator and can be used in a wide range as cement replacement. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect on the mechanical and microstructure properties of incorporating admixture composed by granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), calcined eggshell (CES), and brick waste (BW), as replacement of cement in the formulation of mortar. Ten different mixes of mortar prismatic specimens were tested with different replacement levels of raw materials (50, 75, and 100%). The results show that the increase in the proportion of raw materials decreases significantly drying shrinkage, dry unit weight and strengths of mixtures mortar compared to control mortar at early age. The decrease in strengths is less important in the long term due the development of pozzolanic reaction. Moreover, the water absorption and open porosity were increased for all cases. The microscopic analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that the proportion of 15% of calcined eggshell powder in admixture, provides more Calcium Silicate Hydrate gel (C-S-H) in the internal cementitious matrix of the mortar, which explains the best mechanical strength provided by this mixture.

show abstract

The Relationship of Cement Consumption and Economic Growth: An Updated Approach

Abstract: Purpose: This research aims to make an update how much volume of cement is needed for Indonesia, to disclose cement consumption for Indonesia and the relationship between cement consumption and several variables as inflators that influence cement consumption.

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia

Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia

Analysing regional development in Indonesia based on GDP and cement consumption from 2010 to 2020

Development of Eco-Friendly Mortars Produced with Blast Furnace Slag, Calcined Eggshell and Brick Waste: Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About