The relationship between urinary and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and various stages of chronic kidney disease in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Abstract:Introduction: The concept of diabetic nephropathy, as a metabolic disease, is now being replaced by chronic low-grade inflammatory disease. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of diabetic nephropathy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between plasma and urinary levels of TNF-α and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: In this descr… Show more
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