The Relationship Between Types of Anxiety and Depression

Depression in anxious children: Possible factors in comorbidity

“…Consistent with this hypothesis, anxious children who are depressed tend to be older and more impaired than their non-depressed counterparts [Bernstein, 1991;Brady and Kendall, 1992;Manassis and Hood, 1998]. Depression is also more prevalent among anxious children and adults who are socially phobic or socially anxious than among those who are not [Beidel, 1991;Davidson et al, 1993;Davies et al, 1995;Ollendick and Yule, 1990]. Depression is also more prevalent among anxious children and adults who are socially phobic or socially anxious than among those who are not [Beidel, 1991;Davidson et al, 1993;Davies et al, 1995;Ollendick and Yule, 1990].…”

“…Consistent with this explanation, a previous study by these authors [Manassis et al, 1997] found that clinically anxious children who acknowledged high levels of anxiety symptoms also acknowledged more depressive symptoms than those who acknowl-edged low levels of anxiety symptoms, despite similar levels of impairment as judged by clinicians. However, studies showing a high prevalence of social phobia among depressed children and adults [Beidel, 1991;Bernstein, 1991;Davies et al, 1995] suggest that reporting bias is unlikely to completely account for the depression/social anxiety symptom report association.…”

“…Since 3 to 10% of children have anxiety disorders and a smaller number are clinically depressed [Bird et al, 1988], one would expect no more than 10% of children with affective disorders to also have anxiety disorders based on chance association. Adult studies also show higher anxious/depressive comorbidity than expected by chance [Barbee, 1998;Davies et al, 1995], prompting numerous studies of comorbidity in adults.…”

Depression in anxious children: Possible factors in comorbidity

“…The recent finding that high levels of anxiety symptoms predict high levels of depressive symptoms subsequently in elementary students [Cole et al, 1998], even after controlling for prior levels of depressive symptoms, also lends support to this hypothesis. Depression is also more prevalent among anxious children and adults who are socially phobic or socially anxious than among those who are not [Beidel, 1991;Davidson et al, 1993;Davies et al, 1995;Ollendick and Yule, 1990]. The above studies suggest that age, the presence of social phobia or social anxiety, and impaired functioning are all potential mediators between anxiety and depression in children.…”

Translation, adaptation and validation of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale in Urdu

“…Stress, Anxiety & Depression are widespread psychological problems. These are the most commonly diagnosed illnesses in Psychology [1,[2][3][4][5]. Much consideration is given to these areas as the prevalence of these syndromes is increasing [6,7].…”