The relationship between training status, blood pressure and uric acid in adults and elderly

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension can be generated by a great number of mechanisms including elevated uric acid (UA) that contribute to the anion superoxide production. However, physical exercise is recommended to prevent and/or control high blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BP and UA and whether this relationship may be mediated by the functional fitness index.MethodsAll participants (n = 123) performed the following tests: indirect maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), AAHPERD Functional Fitness Battery Test to determine the general fitness functional index (GFFI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), body mass index (BMI) and blood sample collection to evaluate the total-cholesterol (CHOL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), nitrite (NO2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T-BARS). After the physical, hemodynamic and metabolic evaluations, all participants were allocated into three groups according to their GFFI: G1 (regular), G2 (good) and G3 (very good).ResultsBaseline blood pressure was higher in G1 when compared to G3 (+12% and +11%, for SBP and DBP, respectively, p<0.05) and the subjects who had higher values of BP also presented higher values of UA. Although UA was not different among GFFI groups, it presented a significant correlation with GFFI and VO2max. Also, nitrite concentration was elevated in G3 compared to G1 (140±29 μM vs 111± 29 μM, for G3 and G1, respectively, p<0.0001). As far as the lipid profile, participants in G3 presented better values of CHOL and TG when compared to those in G1.ConclusionsTaking together the findings that subjects with higher BP had elevated values of UA and lower values of nitrite, it can be suggested that the relationship between blood pressure and the oxidative stress produced by acid uric may be mediated by training status.

Impact of intermittent hypoxia and exercise on blood pressure and metabolic features from obese subjects suffering sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

“…The differences in urate reduction in the control group, but not in the obese subjects on exercise, also could be speculated to be due to compensatory mechanisms in oxidative stress associated to dietary protein intake [9] and programmed physical activity [47].…”

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

“…Exercise training has been widely recommended as an effective non-pharmacological therapeutic approach for hypertensive patients [86][87][88]. The beneficial effect of exercise on these patients is primarily attributed on the decreased levels of oxidative stress and the improved redox status [87,89,90] that have as a consequence the reduction of blood pressure [85].…”

“…Specifically, Trape and colleagues [89] reported that a higher level of training status is associated with improved nitrite concentration as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the control of blood pressure includes a higher antioxidant capacity achieved by higher level of training status and consequently, higher nitric oxide bioavailability. Furthermore, exercise training at a moderate intensity has a beneficial effect in preventing the development of hypertension by lowering inflammatory cytokines and thus preventing pathological changes to vessel cells and normalizing changes in blood pressure [87].…”

Avaliação da aptidão funcional através do conjunto de testes da AAHPERD em mulheres na pós-menopausa: existe declínio entre a quinta e sexta década de vida?

“…Tais variáveis têm sido aferidas através de diversos instrumentos que podem ser didaticamente divididas em 3 grupos: testes estabelecidos por uma instituição, como o proposto pela American Aliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD); conjunto de testes proposto por pesquisadores independentes, como a Senior Fitness Test 4 ; ou uso de diversas avaliações distintas em relação as capacidades físicas que compõe um conjunto de testes como observado em estudos recentes 5,6 . Especificamente no conjunto de testes proposto pela AAHPERD, verifica-se um grande número de estudos em idosos [7][8][9][10][11][12] e seus detalhamentos são encontrados em alguns estudos tanto de conceituação da metodologia 1 como na aplicação da mesma 13,14 . A metodologia proposta pela AAHPERD tem sido amplamente utilizada em idosos brasileiros, tanto em mulheres quanto em homens [15][16][17][18][19] .…”

“…Considerando apenas estudos publicados em periódicos indexados na plataforma Scielo, verificamos estudos de análises transversais de grupos específicos como idosas ativas 15 e homens entre 60 e 69 anos 17 , além de estudos que verificam a relação entre peso corporal e desempenho em idosas 18 . Estudos em outras plataformas como a PubMed, especialmente estudos de intervenção, também tem explorado tal metodologia 7,9,11 . Porém, apesar de sua utilização ampla, estudos de base considerando amostras representativas de acordo com conceitos estatísticos conhecidos, ainda não foram apontados na literatura, sendo apenas descritos estudos com grupos pequenos não representativos da população usada como objeto de estudo com percentis dos mesmos 17 .…”