The relationship between toughness and microstructure in Fe-high Mn binary alloys

In situ observations of transgranular crack propagation in high-manganese steel

“…The cleavage plane in fcc crystals is generally known to be {1 0 0}; however, the fractured surface of austenitic steel reveals {1 1 1} cleavage surfaces at low temperatures and with high strain rates [15,[17][18][19][20]. The high-Mn steel investigated here revealed similar cleavage-like fracture, but with a relatively low strain rate and at room temperature.…”

Interpretation of cryogenic-temperature Charpy fracture initiation and propagation energies by microstructural evolution occurring during dynamic compressive test of austenitic Fe–(0.4,1.0)C–18Mn steels

“…The room-temperature SFE is calculated to be 27 and 48 mJ/m 2 for the 4C and 10C steels, respectively. Curtze et al [28] and Tomota et al [14,29] reported that the twin formation was well activated above the SFE of 20 mJ/m 2 , below which the transformation to martensite occurs. At 25°C, the transformation to martensite hardly occur because the SFEs of the two steels are higher than 20 mJ/m 2 ( Fig.…”

“…8 and 10. According to Tomota et al [14,29], the deformation-induced transformation to ε-martensite leads to a brittle fracture mode and to a subsequent reduction in impact toughness. In the 4C steel, thus, transformed ε-martensites readily provide crack propagation paths because of their brittle characteristics [30][31][32][33], which generate a brittle fracture mode as shown in fractographic results of Fig.…”

“…In this SFE range, the γ-ε-martensite transformation takes place in the 4C steel (Fig. 8(c)), together with the twin formation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]28,29], and the volume fraction of ε-martensite reaches 20%. In the 10C steel whose SFE is 30 mJ/m 2 , ε-martensites are not formed because the SFE range is far deviated from that of the transformation to martensite.…”

Reduction rates of MnO and SiO2 in SiMn slags between 1500 and 1650°C

“…Manganese ferroalloys such as ferromanganese (FeMn) and silicomanganese (SiMn) are important ingredients in steel production due to the beneficial effects of manganese on the physical properties of steel. Mn enhances the strength, toughness, and hardness of steel products, and both Mn and Si are used as deoxidizers to prevent the development of porous structures (International Manganese Institute, 2014;Olsen, Tangstad, and Lindstad, 2007;Subramanyam, Swansiger, and Avery, 1990;Tomota et al, 1987).…”