The relationship between tooth loss and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

As tooth loss is the high end of periodontal problems and edentulous individuals are at higher risk of nutritional problems like obesity, understanding the association between tooth loss and hypertension is important for improving cardiovascular health. We searched for publications from the last two decades using three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between tooth loss and hypertension according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the GRADE approach. Twenty-four studies (20 cross-sectional, and 4 cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that subjects with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Meta-analyses revealed a statistically significant association between tooth loss and hypertension. The pooled odds ratios of hypertension for having tooth loss with no tooth loss and for edentulous with dentate were 2.22 (95% CI 2.00–2.45) and 4.94 (95% CI 4.04–6.05), respectively. In cohort studies, subjects with more tooth loss had a greater incidence of hypertension than those with less tooth loss during the follow-up period. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure.

Tooth Loss and Systemic Diseases in the Slovenian Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Associaton Between Oral and Systemic Health

“…Our analysis did not differentiate between cause and effect, and therefore we can assume that, in this case, a smaller number of teeth influences the greater expression of CVDs. The literature mentions associations between tooth loss and increased risk of hypertension ( 20 ), coronary heart disease ( 38 ), peripheral arterial disease ( 39 ), and myocardial infarction ( 40 ). Although our results suggest that CVDs negatively influence the number of teeth, further studies are needed to answer this question.…”

“…Furthermore, the existing literature has highlighted evidence of a relationship between systemic chronic diseases and tooth loss. Studies have shown that systemic health conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) ( 13 , 14 ), rheumatoid arthritis ( 15 ), osteoporosis ( 16 ), neurodegenerative diseases ( 17 , 18 ), liver diseases ( 19 ), hypertension ( 20 ), and stroke ( 21 ) can impact oral health, potentially leading to issues such as periodontal disease and tooth loss and vice versa. The number of retained teeth is also a predictor of mortality ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Risk Factors for Delayed-Onset Infection after Mandibular Wisdom Tooth Extractions

“…Generally, hypertension is considered a risk factor for tooth loss due to periodontal disease [ 19 ]. It has been speculated that increased blood pressure is likely to cause both the spread of inflammation and secondary damage to the vascular endothelium [ 20 ]. These factors might affect the development of a DOI, but the exact mechanism of DOI development remains unknown.…”

Exploration of Orthodontic Treatment Strategies for Impacted Teeth Using Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

“…However, in actual orthodontic plan formulation, factors like the patient's specific situation, the dentist's experience and professional opinion, and the limitations of treatment equipment should also be considered. Therefore, it is advised to have detailed discussions and consultations with a professional orthodontist before treatment to ensure the development of the most suitable orthodontic plan for the patient [7][8][9][10].…”