The Relationship Between Tooth Color, Skin and Eye Color

Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: A literature review

“…Patients with fair skin are more prone to have teeth with low L* values, while those with dark skin are more likely to have teeth with high L*values. 76,77 The observer's shade matching ability impacts shade selection results. This ability may be affected by age, gender, experience, type of shade guide, training, color perception potentials, and diseases.…”

“…Also, the color harmony between teeth, skin, and eyes should be noticed. Patients with fair skin are more prone to have teeth with low L * values, while those with dark skin are more likely to have teeth with high L *values 76,77 …”

Correlation and multiple regression analysis of the central incisors and gingival color relationship.

“…Skin color was proven to be used as a guide to select shades of missing anterior teeth that would be in harmony with the patient complexion. 5,6,8,10,[13][14][15][16]18,19 However, little data exists regarding the relationship between teeth and gingival color. Gingival color was found by Ghani et al 7 , Schnitzer at al 29 , Eckhard et al 30 , and Ho et al 31 to be significantly related to skin color with no correlation to gender, and since skin color is significantly related to teeth color, the current work investigated the relationship between the gingival and teeth color in order to add the gingival color to the potential references of missing teeth color.…”

“…12,13,17 The eye color was found not to be related to teeth color, 15 however, this was claimed only in relation to the lateral incisors and canines. 18 Obviously these findings represent a challenge to prosthodontists when trying to harmonize the color of teeth in the prostheses provided to the patients, and require adequate training and understanding of the principles of the visual and digital tooth shade determination. 14,16,19 Several color space systems are available to describe color, with the Munsell and CIE systems being the most widely used, the Munsell system describes color in three dimension using three coordinates, the hue, value, and chroma, on the other hand, the CIE system uses three coordinates, L* a* b*, to describe color where L* is the lightness axis from black to white, a* is the red-green axis, b* is the yellow-blue axis, and ΔE is the color difference value that represents the color perception; only ΔE values between 1 and 2 are considered clinically acceptable, whereas values above or less than these would implicate a high degree of intra-and interexaminer variability, and render the use of digital shade matching devices more useful to minimize the subjectivity of color assessment.…”

Laboratory Study of Color Stability of Different Types of Materials for Temporary Constructions

“…5,6 The knowledge of human tooth color and its distribution are very important in aesthetic dentistry. 7 The basic shade of the tooth is represented in the middle third, and the color range changes from the incisal to the gingival region. 8 Determination of tooth color can be done by two basic methods: visual in a clinical environment and instrumental with the help of different devices -colorimeter, spectro-photometer and digital imaging.…”