The relationship between the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE‐I) and myopia

Choi, Stacey S.; Garner, Leon F.; Enoch, Jay M.

doi:10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00142.x

Cited by 25 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Variables affecting the Stiles-Crawford effect include luminance [11][12][13], wavelength [11,14], and retinal eccentricity [15][16][17]. Choi et al [17] reported that emmetropes have greater directionality than myopes between 10 nasal and 15 temporal retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of accommodation and myopia on the foveal Stiles–Crawford effect

Singh

Atchison

Kasthurirangan

et al. 2009

Journal of Modern Optics

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We determined the foveal Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE) as a function of up to 8D accommodation stimulus in six young emmetropes and six young myopes using a psychophysical two-channel Maxwellian system in which the threshold luminance increment of a 1 mm spot entering through variable positions in the pupil was determined against a background formed by a 4 mm spot entering the pupil centrally. The SCE became steeper in both groups with increasing accommodation stimulus, but with no systematic shift of the peak. Combining the data of both groups gave significant increases in directionality of 15-20% in horizontal and vertical pupil meridians with 6D of accommodation. However, additional experiments indicated that much of this was an artefact of higher order aberrations and accommodative lag. Thus, there appears to be little changes in orientation or directionality in the SCE with accommodation stimulus levels up to 6 D, but it is possible that changes may occur at very high accommodation levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of accommodation and myopia on the foveal Stiles–Crawford effect

Singh

Atchison

Kasthurirangan

et al. 2009

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…So saying, it is known that PVD occurs quite a bit earlier in age in high myopes. We deduced from our study that eye movements and associated optic nerve 'tugs' were likely contributory sources of the measured traction effects [19]. There needs to be a more definitive study of this set of issues.…”

Section: Traction Effectsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…[3,17,18]. In a separate study, this apparent effect was differentiated from strains induced by vitreous body adhesions to the retina and optic nerve head [19]. The latter study led directly to this research.…”

Section: Traction Effectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Forces, created by traction, linear and/or rotational [23], are secondarily translated to the photoreceptor fiber-optics bundles. Affected are photoreceptor alignments, efficiency of light capture, and induction of frustrated total reflection (inter-receptor crosstalk).…”

Section: Traction Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That study utilized eye-movement phosphenes, and a fine technique described long ago by von Helmholtz [19,20]. We sought to determine whether eye movements or vitreous traction on the retina and disc was the more likely source of the characteristic defined anomalies associated with traction occurring in the posterior retina of myopes.…”

Section: Traction Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traction centered nasal to the optic nerve head in high myopic observers

Chang

Ling

Seu

et al. 2009

Journal of Modern Optics

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Measuring the Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE-1), we determined effects of tractional strains caused by serial Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus (OKN) stimuli in myopic observers (near-sighted or short-sighted) just nasal to the optic disc. Responses were recorded in high myopes with and without myopic supertraction and in low myopes. SCE-1 was measured before, just after, and following recovery from serial OKN stimuli at 22 Temporal Visual Field (TVF). Previously, this site was identified as near the locus of greatest retinal traction in high myopic observers. Testing was photopic and within the linear portion of the Weber function. A modest increase was found in measured SCE-1 thresholds (¼ sensitivity reduced) immediately after serial OKN stimuli. SCE-1 functions were flatter; their peaks were transiently altered, and shifted in the opposite direction to OKN-induced saccades. Recovery occurred within a few minutes. Transients in photoreceptor alignments and sensitivity (triggered by OKN-return saccadic eye movements) occurred near 22 TVF in the nasal retina in all subjects measured. Differences existed between short and longer-term photoreceptor alignments.

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Changes in forward light scatter parameters as a function of refractive error in young adults

Nagra¹,

Patel

Barbur

2020

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Background/aims Some aspects of visual performance worsen with increasing myopia. Whilst the underlying causes are not always clear, reduction in retinal image quality is often attributed to structural changes in the posterior myopic eye. Forward light scatter, originating principally from the cornea and lens, is known to produce veiling glare which subsequently reduces retinal image contrast. It is therefore of interest to investigate whether forward light scatter varies with refractive error. Methods Thirteen young-adult subjects (18-25 years), with mean spherical errors (MSE ± sd, D) RE, − 1.69 ± 2.02 (range 0.38 to − 4.75); LE, − 1.91 ± 1.94 (range 0.50 to − 4.63) underwent binocular assessment of forward light scatter using the AVOT light scatter test. Five glare annuli, with effective eccentricities ranging from 2 to 10°, were used to estimate parameters, k and n, which define the light scatter function of the eye. These were then used to calculate the area under the light scatter function (k′) and the total volume of light scatter (k″). Results Significant correlation was found between increasing myopia and k′ values (RE, p < 0.05; r = 0.64; LE, p < 0.05, r = 0.66). Neither the 'volume' of light scatter (k″), the parameter, n, which controls the angular distribution of light scatter, or the straylight parameter constant, k, were significantly correlated with refractive error (p > 0.05 for both eyes). Axial length was also not correlated with any of the light scatter parameters measured. Conclusion The preliminary data from this study provide evidence that some light scatter parameters may be correlated with refractive error. Further studies are needed to characterize how changes in the anterior media of the eye, and inclusion of a wider range of refractive errors, may affect forward light scatter.

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The relationship between the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE‐I) and myopia

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Influences of accommodation and myopia on the foveal Stiles–Crawford effect

Influences of accommodation and myopia on the foveal Stiles–Crawford effect

Traction centered nasal to the optic nerve head in high myopic observers

Changes in forward light scatter parameters as a function of refractive error in young adults

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