The Relationship Between the Sense of Self-Agency and Schizotypal Personality Traits

Asai, Tomohisa; Tanno, Yoshihiko

doi:10.3200/jmbr.39.3.162-168

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several previous studies have observed non-clinical individuals high in schizotypy to show the same behavioral and neurophysiological deficits as found in patients with established schizophrenia, including deficits in sense of agency (Asai & Tanno, 2007; 2008), working memory (Ziermans, 2013; Chun et al, 2013), executive functioning (Kim et al, 2011), attention and prepulse inhibition (Giakoumaki, 2012), as well as resting state fMRI indicating a significant positive correlation between SPQ score and visual resting state networks and a significant negative correlation between SPQ score and auditory resting state networks (Lagioia et al, 2010). However, to our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate N1-suppression to self-generated speech in the context of schizotypy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Subnormal sensory attenuation to self-generated speech in schizotypy: Electrophysiological evidence for a ‘continuum of psychosis’

Oestreich

Mifsud

Ford

et al. 2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Background A ‘continuum of psychosis’ refers to the concept that psychotic-like experiences occur to certain extents in the healthy population and to more severe extents in individuals with psychotic disorders. If this concept is valid, neurophysiological abnormalities exhibited by patients with schizophrenia should also be present, to an attenuated degree, in non-clinical individuals who score highly on the personality dimension of schizotypy. Patients with schizophrenia have consistently been shown to exhibit electrophysiological suppression abnormalities to self-generated speech. The present study aimed to investigate whether these electrophysiological suppression abnormalities were also present in non-clinical individuals who scored highly on schizotypy. Methods Thirty-seven non-clinical individuals scoring High (above median) and 37 individuals scoring Low (below median) on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ; a commonly used schizotypy scale) underwent electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. The amplitude of the N1 component of the auditory-evoked potential was measured while participants (a) vocalized simple syllables (Talk condition), (b) passively listened to a recording of these vocalizations (Listen condition) and (c) listened to a recording of the vocalizations whilst simultaneously watching a video depicting the sound-wave of the forthcoming vocalizations, allowing them to be temporally predicted (Cued Listen condition). Results The Low Schizotypy group exhibited significantly reduced N1-amplitude in the Talk condition relative to both the Listen and Cued Listen conditions; that is, they exhibited significant N1-suppression. The High Schizotypy group exhibited significantly lower levels of N1-suppression compared to the Low Schizotypy group. Furthermore, whilst the Cued Listen condition induced significantly lower N1-amplitudes compared to the Listen condition in the Low Schizotypy group, this was not the case for the High Schizotypy group. Conclusions The results suggest that non-clinical, highly schizotypal individuals exhibit subnormal levels of N1-suppression to self-generated speech, similar to the N1-suppression abnormalities which have previously been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This finding provides empirical support for the existence of a neurophysiological ‘continuum of psychosis’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Subnormal sensory attenuation to self-generated speech in schizotypy: Electrophysiological evidence for a ‘continuum of psychosis’

Oestreich

Mifsud

Ford

et al. 2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…If this prediction does not match the feedback, the perceived sense of agency will decrease. For instance, previous studies suggest that delayed visual feedback when voluntarily handling tools decreases a sense of agency (Franck et al, 2001; Asai and Tanno, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the authors had no means to modulate an induced sense of agency. To manipulate and investigate a sense of agency, previous studies adopted systematically delayed visual feedback of an action from an intact limb (Franck et al, 2001; Asai and Tanno, 2007). For instance, participants were asked to judge whether they felt they had produced the action outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency over a phantom limb and electromyographic activity on the stump depend on visuomotor synchrony: a case study

Imaizumi¹,

Asai²,

Kanayama³

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Most patients, post-amputation, report the experience of a phantom limb. Some even sense voluntary movements when viewing a mirror image of the intact limb superimposed onto the phantom limb. While delayed visual feedback of an action is known to reduce a sense of agency, the effect of delayed visual feedback on phantom motor sensation (i.e., sense of controlling a phantom limb) has not been examined. Using a video-projection system, we examined the effect of delayed visual feedback on phantom motor sensation in an upper-limb amputee (male; left upper-limb amputation). He was instructed to view mirrored video images of his intact hand clasping and unclasping during a phantom limb movement. He then rated the intensity of the phantom motor sensation. Three types of hand movement images were presented as follows: synchronous, asynchronous with a 250-ms delay, and asynchronous with a 500-ms delay. Results showed that phantom motor sensation decreased when the image was delayed by 250 and 500 ms. However, when we instructed the patient to adjust the phase of phantom limb movement to that of the image with a 500-ms delay, phantom motor sensation increased. There was also a positive correlation between intensity of phantom motor sensation and electromyographic (EMG) activity on deltoids at the patient’s stump. These results suggest that phantom motor sensation and EMG activity on the stump depend on visuomotor synchrony and top-down effects.

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“…In this condition, position estimation was shifted by the illusion from this location away from the body, towards extracorporeal space (Out condition). This was compared a control condition that shifted felt position in towards the body (In Condition), in line with previous research Asai & Tanno, 2007;Heed et al, 2011). In this condition the position of the actual hand and false hand were swapped:…”

Section: New Evidence Suggests Original Models Of Rhi Mechanisms May mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Traditionally, RHI experiments have been conducted with the participant's real hand displaced laterally away from the body midline, with the rubber hand located medially, towards the body -often in line with the approximate shoulder position Asai & Tanno, 2007;Heed et al, 2011). From these experiments it is clear that drift can be produced towards the body.…”

Section: New Evidence Suggests Original Models Of Rhi Mechanisms May mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of somatosensory perception and multisensory integration as a function of habitual patterns of action

Dempsey-Jones¹

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Somatosensation refers to an integrated percept consisting of information from the skin and muscles, e.g., touch and proprioception. Together these disparate inputs provide information about the state of the body, with respect to itself and the external world. Due to the partially unconscious nature of the somatic senses and the complexity of this distributed system, much remains unknown about its supportive neurocognitive mechanisms. In the current thesis I aimed explore the modulation of somatosensory perception and integration as a function of habitual patterns of action.That is, how patterns of sensory input resulting from activity can shape the organisation of the somatosensory system and multisensory integration processes.Distinct experimental paradigms and somatosensory sub-modalities were explored, to provide converging evidence for this investigation.The first series of experiments looked at how habitual tactile stimulation might affect the representation of touch in the somatosensory system. Touch perception of the fingers can be improved by tactile stimulation (i.e. tactile perceptual learning).Learning transfers from trained to untrained fingers in a pattern reflecting the underlying relationships between fingers in the somatosensory system. I predicted repetitive patterns of touch resulting from daily use between fingers should affect this representation and, therefore, be reflected in learning transfer. A trained group underwent seven sessions of testing and training over four days. This was compared with an untrained control group. A divergence was identified in the transfer of learning from a trained middle finger to two fingers that are physically and cortically adjacent to the trained finger. I suggest this divergence may have resulted from documented differences in cooperative finger use with the middle finger. These results demonstrate how repetitive patterns of action are a potential organising force in the human somatosensory system.In a second line of research, I expanded my investigation into multisensory contributions to somatosensory perception. I used a modification of the classic rubber hand illusion (RHI) to investigate the integration of proprioceptive and visual hand position information. In this paradigm, an illusory spatial disparity is created between visual and proprioceptive hand position, and the strength of multisensory integration is measured by the shift of felt position towards the seen position (proprioceptive 3 drift). Here I was interested in how habitual patterns of action can shape multisensory integration within peripersonal space. I predicted a difference in the integration of visual and proprioceptive hand information within the habitual action space of the arm, versus beyond the action space of the arm. Unlike previous studies I fixed the relative distance between the real and false hand, while varying the absolute position of the two hands in space. By doing so I was able to look at the effect of proximity to the action space alone without the confoundin...

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The Relationship Between the Sense of Self-Agency and Schizotypal Personality Traits

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Subnormal sensory attenuation to self-generated speech in schizotypy: Electrophysiological evidence for a ‘continuum of psychosis’

Subnormal sensory attenuation to self-generated speech in schizotypy: Electrophysiological evidence for a ‘continuum of psychosis’

Agency over a phantom limb and electromyographic activity on the stump depend on visuomotor synchrony: a case study

Modulation of somatosensory perception and multisensory integration as a function of habitual patterns of action

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