The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

Suethao, Supitta; Phongphanphanee, Saree; Wong-ekkabut, Jirasak; Smitthipong, Wirasak

doi:10.3390/polym13071091

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The ATR-FTIR results were studied in the chemical functional groups of both samples, as shown in Figure 2. The results of the control sample showed the peak at 3036-2850 cm -1 of C-H stretching (CH3 and CH2), the peak at 1663 cm -1 of C=C stretching in the double bond of natural rubber molecules [3], the peak at 836 cm -1 of C=C wagging and the peak at 1127-928 cm -1 of C-H stretching, respectively. We also found a peak at 1562 cm −1 which represented the asymmetric stretching modes of the carboxylate ion from potassium oleate [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The technique of preparing the foaming process is the Dunlop process. Furthermore, the Dunlop process has been widely using in manufacturing, and potassium oleate is a foaming chemical that is easy to make [3], as more user-friendly. Supitta et al [3] investigated the relationship between morphology and elasticity of natural rubber foam which related to the concentration of the chemical blowing agent or PO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Dunlop process has been widely using in manufacturing, and potassium oleate is a foaming chemical that is easy to make [3], as more user-friendly. Supitta et al [3] investigated the relationship between morphology and elasticity of natural rubber foam which related to the concentration of the chemical blowing agent or PO. The results indicated that there are no significant differences in the macroscopic compression stress-strain curves between the control foam and foam with decreasing PO up to 45% samples, attributed to the fact that the rubber foam represented heterogeneous cell size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of potassium oleate on chemical structure-compression relationship of natural rubber foam

Kunklang

Smitthipong

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Rubber foam-based products, such as mattresses, pillows, and cushions, are becoming increasingly popular. Rubber foam's formulation is still being developed to improve the properties, because of its wide range of applications. Potassium oleate is a surfactant for producing the rubber foam, although it can be used in different concentrations to prepare the different properties of rubber foam. The Dunlop method was used in this work, due to its simplicity and easy-to-use in the foam preparation. The effect of potassium oleate, which was used as a foaming agent, was investigated in this study by reducing the amount of potassium oleate. The density, compression, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results showed that both density and compression of foam samples with half amounts of potassium oleate are higher than those of control sample with normal amounts of potassium oleate. Moreover, the FTIR result revealed a significant change in spectra with the reductions of potassium oleate contents. Therefore, rubber foam formulations are still developed to provide the optimum properties for suitable applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of potassium oleate on chemical structure-compression relationship of natural rubber foam

Kunklang

Smitthipong

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The example of non-covalent interaction in natural rubber was studied by Sriring et al (2018) [25]. Natural latex can be obtained from the Hevea brasiliensis plant [26][27][28][29][30][31]. A rubber particle is suspended in the serum, which consists of non-rubber components such as phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, inorganic salts, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Covalent Interaction on the Self-Healing of Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers

Buaksuntear

Limarun

Suethao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Supramolecular polymers are widely utilized and applied in self–assembly or self–healing materials, which can be repaired when damaged. Normally, the healing process is classified into two types, including extrinsic and intrinsic self–healable materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the intrinsic self–healing strategy based on supramolecular interaction or non-covalent interaction and molecular recognition to obtain the improvement of mechanical properties. In this review, we introduce the main background of non-covalent interaction, which consists of the metal–ligand coordination, hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, dipole–dipole interaction, and host–guest interactions, respectively. From the perspective of mechanical properties, these interactions act as transient crosslinking points to both prevent and repair the broken polymer chains. For material utilization in terms of self–healing products, this knowledge can be applied and developed to increase the lifetime of the products, causing rapid healing and reducing accidents and maintenance costs. Therefore, the self–healing materials using supramolecular polymers or non-covalent interaction provides a novel strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of materials causing the extended cycling lifetime of products before replacement with a new one.

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“…Impressive enhancements in the properties, including mechanical [3,4], optical [3,5,6], self-healing [7,8], electrical [4,6,9], thermal [4,6], rheological [4,9], and glass transition [10,11], have been reported. The mechanical properties of NR composites depend on many factors, such as the types, dimensions, concentrations, dispersion states, and alignments of the fillers [4,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite of Fullerenes and Natural Rubbers: MARTINI Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

et al. 2021

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The mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites depend on many factors, including the filler loading, filler size, filler dispersion, and filler-rubber interfacial interactions. Thus, NR composites with nano-sized fillers have attracted a great deal of attention for improving properties such as stiffness, chemical resistance, and high wear resistance. Here, a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the MARTINI force field version 2.1 has been developed and deployed for simulations of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cis-PI). The model shows qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experiments and atomistic simulations. Interestingly, only a 0.5% difference with respect to the experimental result of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cis-PI in the melts was observed. In addition, the mechanical and thermodynamical properties of the cis-PI-fullerene(C60) composites were investigated. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cis-PI-C60 composites with varying fullerene concentrations (0–32 parts per hundred of rubber; phr) were performed over 200 microseconds. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were determined. The density, bulk modulus, thermal expansion, heat capacity, and Tg of the NR composites were found to increase with increasing C60 concentration. The presence of C60 resulted in a slight increasing of the end-to-end distance and radius of the gyration of the cis-PI chains. The contribution of C60 and cis-PI interfacial interactions led to an enhancement of the bulk moduli of the composites. This model should be helpful in the investigations and design of effective fillers of NR-C60 composites for improving their properties.

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The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of potassium oleate on chemical structure-compression relationship of natural rubber foam

Effect of potassium oleate on chemical structure-compression relationship of natural rubber foam

Non-Covalent Interaction on the Self-Healing of Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers

Nanocomposite of Fullerenes and Natural Rubbers: MARTINI Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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