The relationship between the frequency of the common cold and the activities of natural killer cells

Xu, Ming; Muto, Takashi; Yabe, T; Nagao, Fumiko; Fukuwatart, Yasushi; Okumura, Ko

doi:10.1007/bf02931260

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Stress has been reported to cause xerostomia, and hyposalivation may produce mental stress [31] . Stress also reduces NK cell activity and elevates the likelihood of catching a cold [32] . Therefore, reduction of sIgA levels and NK cell activity may be important to reduce the effect of hyposalivation-related stress on development of acute respiratory infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Hyposalivation and Acute Respiratory Infection in Dental Outpatients

et al. 2011

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Background: Hyposalivation may affect respiratory disease because the mouth serves as the entrance to the respiratory apparatus, as well as to the digestive tract. Patients with acute respiratory infection generally have a favorable prognosis and a short natural course. However, in cases in which the host has lowered resistance, such as in elderly patients, the infection may develop into pneumonia. Objectives: A prospective study was performed to examine the relationship between hyposalivation, which is common in elderly patients, and acute respiratory infection, which tends to become severe in elderly patients. Methods: The subjects were 323 male and female patients ≥40 years old who lived in Utsunomiya City and surrounding areas and regularly visited the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tochigi National Hospital. A 6-month follow-up survey was performed to examine development of acute respiratory infection. Age, sex, and known risk factors were also investigated. Hyposalivation was defined as a saliva production (saliva secretion rate) of ≤0.6 ml/min. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex was performed to examine potential risk factors associated with the development of acute respiratory infection. Results: Data were analyzed for 278 subjects who completed the follow-up survey. The incidence of acute respiratory infection was 60.4%, while hyposalivation was present in 96 subjects (35.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of acute respiratory infection was higher in subjects with hyposalivation than in those without hyposalivation (adjusted odds ratio 1.761, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that hyposalivation may be a risk factor for acute respiratory infection. This also suggests that improvement of hyposalivation might prevent acute respiratory infection.

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Hyposalivation and Acute Respiratory Infection in Dental Outpatients

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore, it seems the recent history of URTI per se could be the causative factor. In this regard, one of the putative mechanisms of action of L. plantarum DR7 involves the activation of NK-cells [ 12 ], and chronic infection in general and frequent URTIs in particular have been shown to lead to NK cell exhaustion [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Lactobacilli Probiotic on Reducing Duration of URTI and Fever, and Use of URTI-Associated Medicine: A Re-Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

2021

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We previously reported on the effects of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum DR7 on reducing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) symptoms’ score and frequency in 109 adults upon a 12-week consumption at 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/day, but several limitations were detected in the publication. Thus, the present study re-analyzed some data with the aim to address some of these weaknesses, and presents new data on duration of URTI and consumption of URTI-associated medication, as compared to the placebo. Our re-analyses found probiotic administration significantly reduced the proportion of patient days of URTI and of fever (all p < 0.05). Recent history of URTI was a prevalent co-factor in affecting duration of URTI symptoms and fever, while other demographic and clinical factors had no influence. Exploratory analyses suggested probiotic had an earlier benefit in patients without a recent history of URTI compared to those with a recent history of URTI. Therefore, recent history of infections could have a modulatory effect on probiotic efficacy. Average number of months with reported use of URTI-related medication was 3.4-times lower in the probiotic group as compared to placebo (p = 0.016) during the intervention. Taken together, our present new data further support previous findings that DR7 probiotic had a beneficial effect on URTI.

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“…Sample size was set according to the previous research of inhibitory effects on acute upper respiratory tract inflammation with catechin beverage consumption (13), the relationship between NK cell activity and frequency of common cold (14) and an in-house study of black tea consumption and the incidence of influenza. It was assumed that the incidence rate of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation was 64.8% in the placebo group and 27.0% in the black tea group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Black Tea Consumption on Intestinal Microflora—A Randomized Single-Blind Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study

TOMIOKA,

TANAKA,

SUZUKI

et al. 2023

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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We previously reported that black tea consumption for 12 wk reduced the risk of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, and improved secretory capacity in individuals with low salivary SIgA levels (Tanaka Y et al. 2021. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 49: 273-288). These results suggested that habitual black tea consumption improves mucosal immunity. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effect of black tea intake on gut microbiota, which is known to be involved in mucosal immunity, by analyzing the bacterial flora and the shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration of feces collected during the above clinical study. The clinical design was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with 72 healthy Japanese adult males and females, who consumed three cups of black tea (Black Tea Polymerized Polyphenols 76.2 mg per day) or placebo per day for 12 wk. In all subjects intake of black tea significantly increased abundance of Prevotella and decreased fecal acetic acid concentration. Particularly in the subjects with low salivary SIgA levels, the change over time of total bacteria, Prevotella, and butyrate-producing bacteria, which are involved in normalizing immune function, were higher in the black tea group than in the placebo group. In subjects with low abundance of Flavonifractor plautii a butyrate-producing bacteria, black tea consumption significantly increased salivary SIgA concentration and the absolute number of Flavonifractor plautii. In conclusion, our results suggest that improvement of mucosal immunity via an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut may partly contribute to the suppressive effect of black tea consumption on acute upper respiratory tract inflammation observed in our previous report.

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The relationship between the frequency of the common cold and the activities of natural killer cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Relationship between Hyposalivation and Acute Respiratory Infection in Dental Outpatients

Relationship between Hyposalivation and Acute Respiratory Infection in Dental Outpatients

Effects of a Lactobacilli Probiotic on Reducing Duration of URTI and Fever, and Use of URTI-Associated Medicine: A Re-Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

The Effects of Black Tea Consumption on Intestinal Microflora—A Randomized Single-Blind Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study

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