The relationship between the eddy-driven jet stream and northern European sea level variability

Mangini, Fabio; Chafik, Léon; Madonna, Erica; Li, Camille; Bertino, Laurent; Nilsen, Jan Even Øie

doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1886419

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…GRACE also shows a spatial variation in the North Sea, with the along-slope wind stress being more strongly correlated to the mass component of sea level in the northern North Sea than in the southern North Sea. This is in line with the existing literature which relate sea-level variations in the southern North Sea to the winds blowing over the entire North Sea domain, and not only along the continental slope 33 – 37 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast

Mangini,

Bonaduce,

Chafik

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Reliable sea-level observations in coastal regions are needed to assess the impact of sea level on coastal communities and ecosystems. This paper evaluates the ability of in-situ and remote sensing instruments to monitor and help explain the mass component of sea level along the coast of Norway. The general agreement between three different GRACE/GRACE-FO mascon solutions and a combination of satellite altimetry and hydrography gives us confidence to explore the mass component of sea level in coastal areas on intra-annual timescales. At first, the estimates reveal a large spatial-scale coherence of the sea-level mass component on the shelf, which agrees with Ekman theory. Then, they suggest a link between the mass component of sea level and the along-slope wind stress integrated along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic, which agrees with the theory of poleward propagating coastal trapped waves. These results highlight the potential of the sea-level mass component from GRACE and GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry and the hydrographic stations over the Norwegian shelf. Moreover, they indicate that GRACE and GRACE-FO can be used to monitor and understand the intra-annual variability of the mass component of sea level in the coastal ocean, especially where in-situ measurements are sparse or absent.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast

Mangini,

Bonaduce,

Chafik

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…From the daily to the interannual time scale, the wind influence on sea level in shallow seas is well understood by the barotropic theory of the interplay between the Coriolis force, pressure gradient and surface wind stress (equation 3 from Mangini et al (2021)). On the multidecadal time scale, as investigated in this study, it is possible that the physical mechanism underpinning the relation between wind and sea level also involves steric sea level change (Chen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acceleration of sea-level rise along the coast of the Netherlands started in the 1960s

Keizer

Bars

Valk

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. While a global acceleration of sea-level rise (SLR) during the 20th century is now established, locally acceleration is more difficult to detect because additional processes play a role which sometimes mask the acceleration. Here we study the rate of SLR along the coast of the Netherlands from six tide gauge records, covering the period 1890–2000. We focus on the influence of the wind field and the nodal tide variations on the local sea-level trend. We use four generalised additive models, including different predictive variables, and a parametric bootstrap method to compute the sea-level trend. From the sea-level trend, we obtain the continuous evolution of the rate of SLR and its uncertainty over the observational period through differentiation. Accounting for the nodal cycle only or both the nodal cycle and the wind influence on sea level reduces the standard error in the estimation of the rate of SLR. Moreover, accounting for both the nodal and wind influence changes the estimated rate of SLR, unmasking an acceleration of SLR that started in the 1960s. Our best-fitting statistical model yields a rate of SLR of about 1.8 [1.4–2.3] mm/yr in 1900–1919 and 1.5 [1.1–1.8] mm/yr in 1940–1959 compared to 3.0 [2.4–3.5] mm/yr over 2000–2019. If, apart from tidal, wind effects and fluctuations, sea level would have increased at a constant rate, then the probability (the p-value) of finding a rate difference between 1940–1959 and 2000–2019 of at least our estimate is smaller than 1 %. Our findings can be interpreted as an unequivocal sign of the acceleration of current SLR along the Dutch coast since the 1960s. This aligns with global SLR observations and expectations based on a physical understanding of SLR related to global warming. A small but significant part of the long-term sea-level trend is due to wind forcing related to a strengthening and northward shift of the jet stream. Additionally, we detect a multidecadal mode of sea-level variability forced by the wind with an amplitude of around 1 cm. We argue that it is related to multi-decadal sea surface temperature variations in the North Atlantic, similar to the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability.

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“…Similarly, by association with configurations of the eddy‐driven jet stream, Mangini et al. (2021) argue that the resulting wind‐driven Ekman transport is an important mechanism explaining sea level patterns on the NWES. The effects of wind forcing via Ekman transport have been shown to be particularly important on intra‐ and interannual timescales along the southern and eastern coasts of the North Sea (Dangendorf et al., 2014; Hermans et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Shelf‐Edge Transport Composition and Sensitivity Experiments to Understand Processes Driving Sea Level on the Northwest European Shelf

Wise,

Calafat,

Hughes

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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Variability in ocean currents, temperature and salinity drive dynamic sea level (DSL) variability on the Northwest European Shelf (NWES). It is dominated by mass variations, with steric signals relatively small. A mechanistic explanation of how ocean dynamics relates to the mass component of NWES sea level variability is required. We use regional ocean model experiments to isolate sources of variability and then investigate the effect on monthly to‐interannual DSL variability together with the simulated momentum budgets along the shelfbreak. Regional (local) wind and non‐regional (remote) forcing are important on the NWES. For the local wind forcing, the net mass flux onto the shelf, which drives a shelf‐mean mode of DSL variability, results from a combination of surface Ekman, bottom Ekman and geostrophic flows and explains 73% of the variance in transport across the shelf‐edge. The geostrophic flow is closely related to wind stress with a flow about half that of surface Ekman transport but in the opposite direction. For the remotely forced mass‐flux across the shelf‐edge, the geostrophic component explains 62% of the variance and bottom friction plays an important indirect role. The remotely forced variability, while relatively spatially uniform, is more important for explaining DSL variance over the western NWES. This mode of variability is sensitive to signals propagating northward via a thin strip of the southern boundary near the Portuguese coast, consistent with coastal trapped wave signals. It also appears to drive steric height in the Bay of Biscay, which is related to DSL on the shelf.

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The relationship between the eddy-driven jet stream and northern European sea level variability

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast

Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast

The acceleration of sea-level rise along the coast of the Netherlands started in the 1960s

Using Shelf‐Edge Transport Composition and Sensitivity Experiments to Understand Processes Driving Sea Level on the Northwest European Shelf

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