The Relationship between the Acidity of the Rumen Contents and Rumenitis, in Calves fed on Barley

Kay, M.; Fell, B.F.; Boyne, R.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34468-0

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This is supported by the observations on acidbase balance which showed that there were progressive changes towards metabolic alkalosis at successively higher levels of NaHCO 3 inclusion. The increase in rumen pH when NaHC0 3 is fed has been reported to increase the rate of cellulose digestion in sheep (Osbourn et al 1970) and reduce the extent of pathological lesions in the rumen wall of steers on grain diets (Kay, Fell & Boyne, 1969). Both these factors may have contributed to the responses which we observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

et al. 1977

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Calves were reared on milk replacer up to 5 weeks of age and given ad libitum access to pellets and chopped straw from 1 to 10 weeks of age. Major ingredients of the pellets were ground barley (B) or ground barley and grass meal in a 6:4 ratio (G). Included in these two basal diets were NaCl or NaHCO 3 , each at 2, 11, 20 or 29 g Na/kg D.M.Calves on G diets ate more than those on B diets but grew at a similar rate. The replacement value of grass meal for ground barley was 1-36:1. Most responses to Na inclusions were unaffected by the basal diets.Before weaning there were linear increases in food intake and growth rate related to Na level in the diet. At 29 g Na/kg D.M., total D.M. intake/kg 0 -76 and growth rate were respectively 31 and 23% greater than at 2 g Na/kg D.M. After weaning there were differential responses to the two salts. With NaHC0 3 there were linear increases in food intake and growth rate up to 20 g Na/kg D.M., at which level total D.M. intake/ kg 0 ' 76 and growth rate were respectively 36 and 44% greater than at 2 g Na/kg D.M. With NaCl the only significant response was that total D.M. intake at 11 g Na/kg D.M. was 16 % higher than at 2 g Na/kg D.M.Observations on acid-base balance and water intake indicated that inclusions of NaCl or NaHCO 3 up to 20 g Na/kg D.M. were well tolerated by calves. Above this level there was a sharp increase in water intake, and with NaHCO 3 there was a large base excess and high pH in the blood. INTRODUCTIONrumen osmolality were associated with increases in rumen dilution rate and increases in the flow of Calves offered cereal-based pellets were shown to a-linked glucose polymer and amino acids into the eat more pellets when roughage was available than intestines. The implied reduction of digesta-residue when it was not (Kellaway, Grant & Chudleigh, time in the rumen would enhance the yield of energy 1973a,6).Whenroughagewasavailable,foodintake from cereal-based diets and might facilitate a was increased still further by inclusion in the diet of greater intake in young ruminants when the rumen mixed buffer salts (Kellaway et al. 19736) or is not fully developed. These observations suggest NaHCO 3 alone (Kellaway, Grant & Hargreave, that when the intake of cereal-based pellets by 1976). It is known that the rate of saliva secretion calves was increased by the inclusion of buffer salts in young ruminants is very low (Wilson & Tribe, (Kellaway et al. 19736, 1976) the responses may 1961) and these responses respectively were attribu-have been attributable at least in part, to osmotic ted to the stimulatory effect of roughage on saliva rather than buffering effects of the buffer salts. The secretion and the compensatory effect of providing work reported here was designed to differentiate exogenovis buffer salts.between osmotic and buffering effects on food In addition to increasing rumen buffering capa-intake, by examining the effects of including four city, buffer salts in the diet may increase rumen levels of NaCl or NaHCO 3 in the diet, osmolality. Ingestion of sal...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

et al. 1977

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“…It should be added, however, that their calves were housed in pens with slatted floors, whereas the calves in the present investigation were seen to consume some of their bedding, consisting of sawdust and wood shavings, which could have substituted for jl-Hydroxybulyrate (mmoljt) Week 2 5 6 (one batch only) 9 •^Numerical subscripts denote treatment means having less than 8 observations. Kay et al, 1969) have reported rumen pH values of 5-5 or below for calves fed solely on a concentrate diet. Kang and Leibholz (1973) similarly found very low voluntary intakes (14g/kg total intake) when chaffed (50 to 70 mm) wheat straw was offered with a concentrate diet, but this may have been influenced by a high prevailing rumen pH (6-68) for their basic concentrate diet, presumably resulting from the inclusion of 20 g sodium bicarbonate per kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of changing the physical form of roughage on the performance of the early-weaned calf

Thomas

Hinks

1982

Anim. Sci.

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An experiment was conducted using two batches of 40 purchased male Hereford x Friesian calves, reared conventionally with weaning after 5 weeks. Five diets were offered ad libitum for 9 weeks: a basic concentrate pellet A offered alone, or with additional chopped or long straw; a diet incorporating 35 g sodium bicarbonate per kg in the basic pellet; and a complete diet with the inclusion of 176g chopped straw (20 mm) per kg in the concentrate pellet.Concentrate intakes and live-weight gains tended to increase with voluntary intake of roughage and the inclusion of buffer in the diet; giving a complete diet, however, gave the best results, with total intake increased to 1 -6 of that for diet A and also significantly increased weight gains.Rumen acidity was decreased by roughage consumption or by buffer inclusion in the diet. Increasing roughage consumption tended to promote an increase in the molar proportions of acetic and butyric acids in the rumen liquor, and a decrease in the molar proportion of propionic acid.Results suggested that chopping the roughage into 20-mm lengths did not obviously alter the rumen-buffering characteristics of long roughage, provided that a greater quantity was included in chopped form.

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“…The lamina propria, adjacent to the epithelial layer, contains large amounts of capillaries and is responsible for the transfer of SCFA after absorption. A thickening of the lamina propria was a response to the decrease in rumen pH as SCFA increased with the highly fermentable diets (31) , and the lamina propria thickness increased with a grain-based concentrate when compared with a forage-based diet (32) . However, in the present study, the thickness of the lamina propria of ruminal papillae decreased in the dorsal sac as the dietary energy level increased, which is in contrast with these reports, and was thicker in smalltailed Han than in Tibetan sheep.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Energy Level On Ruminal Papillae Morphologmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake

et al. 2019

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The nutritional intake of Tibetan sheep on the harsh Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is often under maintenance requirements, especially during the long, cold winter. However, they have adapted well and even thrive under these conditions. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into how the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep has adapted to the consumption of low-energy-level diets. For this purpose, we compared Tibetan and small-tailed Han sheep (n 24 of each breed, all wethers and 1·5 years of age), which were divided randomly into one of four groups and offered ad libitum diets of different digestible energy (DE) densities: 8·21, 9·33, 10·45 and 11·57 MJ DE/kg DM. The Tibetan sheep had higher rumen concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, butyrate and iso-acids but lower concentrations of propionate than small-tailed Han sheep. The Tibetan sheep had higher absorption capability of SCFA due to the greater absorption surface area and higher mRNA expression of the SCFA absorption relative genes than small-tailed Han sheep. For the metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium, the small-tailed Han sheep showed higher utilisation of the ketogenesis pathway than Tibetan sheep; however, Tibetan sheep had greater regulation capacity in SCFA metabolism pathways. These differences between breeds allowed the Tibetan sheep to have greater capability of absorbing SCFA and better capacity to regulate the metabolism of SCFA, which would allow them to cope with low energy intake better than small-tailed Han sheep.

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The Relationship between the Acidity of the Rumen Contents and Rumenitis, in Calves fed on Barley

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

The effect of changing the physical form of roughage on the performance of the early-weaned calf

Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake

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The Relationship between the Acidity of the Rumen Contents and Rumenitis, in Calves fed on Barley

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

The effect of changing the physical form of roughage on the performance of the early-weaned calf

Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake

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Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ on food intake, growth rate and acid-base balance in calves