The relationship between spiritual leadership to quality of work life and ethical behavior and its implication to increasing the organizational citizenship behavior

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between spiritual leadership, quality of work life (QWL), ethical behavior, and its implication to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachThe study design is the quantitative method as an explanatory research with the purpose to explain the phenomena or pattern of correlation between the concepts (Solimun et al., 2017). Focus on this study is the employees in three private hospitals managed by foundations or religious-based institutions as research areas, namely (1) Adventist Hospital; (2) Pancaran Kasih Hospital; (3) Siti Maryam Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. The population in this study was all the employees, and the sample size is 150 respondents (using Slovin’s Formula), by simple random sampling. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis of the research was structural equation modeling (SEM) covariance based called partial least square (PLS).FindingsThe spiritual leadership has the direct effect QWL. The spiritual leadership has the direct effect on ethical behavior. The spiritual leadership does not have the direct effect on OCB. QWL has the direct effect on OCB. The ethical behavior has the direct effect on OCB. The spiritual leadership has the indirect effect on OCB, with QWL and ethical behavior as mediation variables.Originality/valueThis is one of few research studies comprehensively investigating the relationship between spiritual leadership (as exogenous variable), with QWL and ethical behavior (as intervening variable) and OCB (as endogenous variable). Based on the views and opinions of some of the mentioned writers, we assume that spiritual leadership has a relationship with OCB mediated by QWL or ethical behavior.

The Role of Emotional and Cognitive Empathy, Moral Metacognition and Quality of Life in Predicting Moral Behavior of Nurses

“…Thus, having such characteristics, which are indicators of moral metacognition, increases the performance of moral behaviors (15). Other findings showed that quality of life had a positive and significant relationship with nurses' Available at: www.ijethics.com moral behavior, which was consistent with the results of previous studies (17,. Explaining these results, it can be said that the quality of work life increases the vitality, hope, happiness and job performance of employees and provides the basis for ethical behaviors.…”

“…Other research results indicate the effective role of moral metacognition in predicting moral behavior (16). Another factor related to moral behavior is quality of life (17), which as an important part of feeling healthy includes physical, psychological and social aspects and includes physical, financial, emotional, psychological and social satisfaction (18). Quality of life is a comprehensive and multidimensional concept that means the perception of cultural contexts based on personal goals, expectations and standards and plays an important role in psychological health (19).…”

“…Quality of life is a comprehensive and multidimensional concept that means the perception of cultural contexts based on personal goals, expectations and standards and plays an important role in psychological health (19). The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between quality of work life and moral behavior (17). In another study, it was found that the quality of life of employees had a positive and significant relationship with ethical beliefs and ethical lifestyle (20).…”

How exploitative leadership influences on knowledge management processes: the moderating role of organisational citizenship behaviour

“…This research focusses on the important aspect of this relationship using OCB. In organisations, OCB is a critical and essential voluntary social behaviour in supporting leaders to achieve their goals, thereby supporting their vision to improve organisational performance (Pio and Lengkong, 2020). Subordinates with high OCB provide comfort to positive leaders, help them manage critical situations in the workplace, provide increased value to leaders in resource management and reduce their workload to achieve organisational success (Elche et al, 2020).…”

The interaction between leadership styles and their followers' human capital: a correspondence analysis approach applied to micro-sized businesses

“…A significant part of the literature attributes the success to the leaders' characteristics and ignores the role of the followers. Two main streams attribute leadership success to leaders' skills, characteristics and behaviours (Akers, 2018;Allio, 2018;Caldwell et al, 2017;Longenecker and Mallin, 2019;Nangoli et al, 2020;Phillips and Phillips, 2020) or leadership styles (Mahmood et al, 2020;Pio and Lengkong, 2020). The main themes in literature ignored the fact that leaders cannot build success without getting help from their followers.…”