The relationship between speed and accuracy of movement aimed at a target

Howarth, Clare; Beggs, W. D. A.; Bowden, James

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(71)90022-9

Cited by 113 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The existence of a. low-speed homing phase in spatially accurate point-to-point movements is well established (Woodworth, 1899;Howarth and Beggs, 1972;Nagasaki, 1989). …”

Section: Relationship To the Vi'i'e Model Of Trajectory Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Organizing Neural Model of Motor Equivalent Reaching and Tool Use by a Multijoint Arm

Bullock¹,

Grossberg²,

Guenther

1993

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

292

208

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This paper describes a self-organizing neural model for eye-hand coordination. Called the DIRECT model, it embodies a solution of the classical motor equivalence problem. Motor equivalence computations allow humans and other animals to flexibly employ an arm with more degrees of freedom than the space in which it moves to carry out spatially defined tasks under conditions that may require novel joint configurations. During a motor babbling phase, the model endogenously generates movement commands that activate the correlated visual, spatial, and motor information that are used to learn its internal coordinate transformations. After learning occurs, the model is capable of controlling reaching movements of the arm to prescribed spatial targets using many different combinations of joints. When allowed visual feedback, the model can automatically perform, without additional learning, reaches with tools of variable lengths, with clamped joints, with distortions of visual input by a prism, and with unexpected perturbations. These compensatory computations occur within a single accurate reaching movement. No corrective movements are needed. Blind reaches using internal feedback have also been simulated. The model achieves its competence by transforming visual information about target position and end effector position in 3-D space into a body-centered spatial representation of the direction in 3-D space that the end effector must move to contact the target. The spatial direction vector is adaptively transformed into a motor direction vector, which represents the joint rotations that move the end effector in the desired spatial direction from the present arm configuration. Properties of the model are compared with psychophysical data on human reaching movements, neurophysiological data on the tuning curves of neurons in the monkey motor cortex, and alternative models of movement control.

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“…The existence of a. low-speed homing phase in spatially accurate point-to-point movements is well established (Woodworth, 1899;Howarth and Beggs, 1972;Nagasaki, 1989). …”

Section: Relationship To the Vi'i'e Model Of Trajectory Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Organizing Neural Model of Motor Equivalent Reaching and Tool Use by a Multijoint Arm

Bullock¹,

Grossberg²,

Guenther

1993

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

292

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Arm extension Rapid elbow flexion Speech Hand movements e) f) g) h) Kerr & Langolf (1977) Corcos et al (1988) Jafari & Kondraske (1988) Beggs & Howarth (1972); Howarth et al (1971) i) It has been suggest that the law would hold for the mouth or any other organ for which a suitable motor task could be devised i) Glencross & Barrett (1989); MacKenzie (1992) Experimental conditions a) Microscopic movements a) Hancock et al (1973); Langolf & Hancock (1975) …”

Section: Fitts' Information Theory Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that this relationship was mathematically proven only in one specific case (Bullock & Grossberg 1988, Appendix I), and, using computer simulations, the authors suggest that it occurs with greater generality. Howarth et al (1971) have proposed a theory of intermittent visual control that is not based on linear control assumptions. Their theory specifies that the hand should be as close as possible to the target at the time of initiation of the last corrective movement.…”

Section: Bullock and Grossberg Showed Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Wieringen¹,

Beek²

1997

Behav Brain Sci

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Abstract:This target article presents a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid-aimed movements. It highlights the numerous mathematical and theoretical interpretations that have been proposed in recent decades. Although the variety of points of view reflects the richness of the field and the high degree of interest that such basic phenomena attract in the understanding of human movements, it calls into question the ability of 'many models to explain the basic observations consistently reported in the field. This target article summarizes the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, proposed recently by R. Plamondon (1993b; 1993c;, and analyzes its predictions in the context of speed/accuracy trade-offs. Data from human movement literature are reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of the new theory. It is shown that the various aspects of speed/accuracy tradeoffs can be taken into account by considering the asymptotic behavior of a large number of coupled linear systems, from which a deltalognormal law can be derived to describe the velocity profile of an end-effector driven by a neuromuscular synergy. This law not only describes velocity profiles almost perfectly, it also predicts the kinematic properties of simple rapid movements and provides a consistent framework for the analysis of different types of speed/accuracy trade-offs using a quadratic (or power) law that emerges from the model.

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“…A segunda forma de controle motor tem sido proposta por Beggs & Howarth (1972a, b;Howarth & Beggs, 1981;Howarth, Beggs & Bowen, 1971), em que um movimento orientado à contatação de um alvo é visto como ocorrendo em duas fases distintas. A primeira, conduzida em circuito aberto de processamento de "feedback", corresponde ao deslocamento inicial do membro e tem a função primária de cobrir a maior parte da distância entre a posição inicial e a posição-alvo.…”

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On the generality of sensorimotor control strategies

Teixeira¹

2017

Rev. paul. educ. fís.

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RESUMOMovimentos balísticos simples orientados à contatação de um alvo são regulados a partir de princípios de controle motor bem conhecidos, os quais regem a relação de antagonismo entre velocidade de movimento e demanda de precisão da resposta. Neste texto são relatados resultados de investigação experimental (Teixeira, 1999), em que foram analisadas variáveis cinemáticas na habilidade motora de chute de potência, havendo duas fontes de demanda de precisão: alvo primário (bola) e alvo remoto (local a ser atingido pela bola). Os resultados mostraram que a regulação da velocidade de movimento foi feita predominantemente em função do tamanho do alvo remoto, o qual define uma área virtual sobre a área real disponível relativa ao alvo primário. Tais resultados mostram que o controle em habilidades motoras complexas de contatação balística de alvo estão sujeitas ao mesmo princípio de troca entre velocidade e precisão, porém outras variáveis críticas entram em cena para definir as restrições de precisão sobre o desempenho. Essa característica impede uma generalização direta das leis observadas em movimentos simples de contatação suave de alvo e indicam a necessidade de investigações adicionais dos mecanismos específicos de controle motor empregados nesse tipo de tarefa. UNITERMOS: Estratégias de controle motor; Movimentos complexos; Movimentos de contatação;Movimentos balísticos.Movimentos balísticos manuais endereçados à contatar um alvo espacial estão sujeitos a uma relação inversamente proporcional • * entre velocidade e precisão, de forma que quanto maior a exigência de precisão em uma tarefa motora menor é a velocidade de movimento observada. Esta relação foi inicialmente modelada por Fitts (1954), que demonstrou que o tempo de movimento em tais tarefas é uma função linear do logaritmo do dobro da amplitude de movimento dividida pela largura do alvo.

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The relationship between speed and accuracy of movement aimed at a target

Cited by 113 publications

References 6 publications

A Self-Organizing Neural Model of Motor Equivalent Reaching and Tool Use by a Multijoint Arm

A Self-Organizing Neural Model of Motor Equivalent Reaching and Tool Use by a Multijoint Arm

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

On the generality of sensorimotor control strategies

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