The relationship between social support and anxiety amongst children living with HIV in rural northern Namibia

Besthorn, Fred H.; Kalomo, Eveline Ndinelao; Lightfoot, Elizabeth; Liao, Minli

doi:10.2989/16085906.2018.1534748

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similar to what was observed for depressive symptoms, social support was also a significant correlate of anxiety symptoms reported across two studies [58,68]. As earlier noted, social support may also provide a buffering effect against anxiety symptoms [103].…”

Section: Correlates Of Anxiety Symptoms Among Ylwh From Ssasupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Of these, four studies concurrently investigated correlates of anxiety symptoms [58,66,69,78]. One study [68] independently focused on the correlates of anxiety symptoms. There was limited consensus across studies for most of the reported correlates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following psychosocial factors significantly increased the risk for anxiety symptoms among YLWH: internalized stigma [69], anticipated stigma [69], history of sexual abuse or emotional abuse in the past year [69], bullying victimization [69], poor parental monitoring [69], history of physical violence [78] and stressful life events [66]. Conversely, higher social support [58,68], self‐efficacy [69], positive parenting [69] and access to a clinic support group [69] were the factors that significantly decreased the risk for anxiety symptoms among YLWH from SSA. Experiencing ART side effects was the only significant HIV‐related clinical correlate of anxiety symptoms among YLWH reported by one South African study [69].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eight studies [52,55,59,61,[64][65][66][67] YLWH were exclusively perinatally HIV-infected. Five studies [45,49,58,68,69] had a mixture of perinatally and behaviourally HIV-acquired youths; the rest (18 studies) did not provide information on the mode of HIV infection. Outside Africa, certain characteristics of YLWH like mode of HIV infection (behavioural vs. perinatal) [8,70] and ART-use status (ART na€ ıve vs. ART experienced) [38] may influence their mental health experiences.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Introduction Common mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside, there are limited summary data on CMDs among these youths, yet there are previous systematic reviews summarizing data on CMDs among adults living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of CMDs among YLWH, aged 10 to 24 years, from SSA. Methods We searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online and five other electronic databases (from database inception up to 31 December 2020) for relevant studies published in English. The key search terms applied were as follows: “Depression OR Anxiety”, “Young people”, “HIV infections” and “sub‐Saharan Africa”. Results and discussion Out of 3989 articles, 31 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of CMDs in YLWH widely varied ranging between 16.0% and 40.8% for major depression, 4.4% and 52.6% for depressive symptoms and 2.2% and 25.0% for anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorder was estimated at 45.6%. Four of the five included studies with a comparison group of HIV‐negative young people reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of depressive disorders among YLWH. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial and HIV‐related correlates of CMDs were reported but most lacked consensus across studies. Nevertheless, female sex, older age, fewer schooling years, HIV‐positive status, bullying, sexual abuse, HIV‐related stigma, social support and poor antiretroviral therapy adherence were frequently reported (in ≥2 studies) as significant correlates of depressive symptoms among YLWH. Higher social support was the only frequent significant correlate of anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The burden of CMDs among YLWH from SSA is substantial and appears to be significantly higher when compared with HIV‐negative peers, particularly for depressive disorders. However, more comparative research is needed. Importantly, screening for CMDs at the youth HIV‐clinics should be prioritized especially for YLWH at high risk of CMDs, to facilitate early management or referral for treatment. Furthermore, youth‐friendly psychological interventions addressing CMDs in YLWH should urgently be piloted in SSA, incorporating contextual components that may directly or indirectly reduce symptoms of CMDs among YLWH, such as social support.

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Section: Correlates Of Anxiety Symptoms Among Ylwh From Ssasupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…Most mental health research in Namibian contexts, however, has used Western symptomatic terminology and explanations. This literature does link experiences such as symptoms of depression to experiences of interpersonal and domestic violence (Kalomo et al, 2020), depression and HIV-related stigma (Kalomo, 2018), anxiety and HIV (Besthorn et al, 2018), depression among Namibian adolescents experiencing orphanhood (Ruiz-Casares et al, 2009), and general distress among adolescents living with HIV (Gentz et al, 2017, 2018). Critically, this body of literature centers contextual factors in understanding mental health across groups in Namibia by illuminating relationships between HIV and mental health (Gentz et al, 2017, 2018), experiences like gender-based violence (Kalomo et al, 2020), and caregiver involvement in health care (Kalomo & Liao, 2018).…”

Section: Mental Illness and Psychological Services In Namibiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Omunanamwengu(The Mad One): A Multiple Case Study of Individual and Familial Experiences of Madness Among the Northern Namibian Aawambo

Bartholomew

2020

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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To understand mental illness in cultural contexts, research should focus on locally informed concepts of illness and the lived experiences of such conditions. Understanding mental illness, its prevalence, and its influence on people’s lives in Namibia represents one such context where attention to the lived experience of mental illness remains understudied. The purpose of the current study was to build upon ethnographic findings about mental illness as madness ( eemwengu) among the Namibian Aawambo. To that end, a multiple case study design was used to explore the lived experience of being omunanamwengu (the mad one). Data were collected from four cases that were bound by the experience of mental illness. Within each case, the individual experiencing illness ( omunanamwengu), family members, and both omunanamwengu and family members were interviewed formally (via a semi-structured interview protocol) or informally due to participants’ preferences for not being recorded. Using Stake’s suggested approach to multiple-case study cross-case analysis, each individual case is described and cross-case themes (Development and Symptoms of Mental Illness; Marginalization and Omunanamwengu; Family Roles in the Lives of the Distressed and Eemwengu; Belief in Treatment) were identified. Findings are discussed in light of the role of beliefs in treatment as well as family involvement, the potential influence of discrimination on mental illness, and implications for practice and cross-cultural psychology.

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Effects of Two Alcohol Reduction Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms of ART Clients in Vietnam

et al. 2021

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The relationship between social support and anxiety amongst children living with HIV in rural northern Namibia

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Omunanamwengu(The Mad One): A Multiple Case Study of Individual and Familial Experiences of Madness Among the Northern Namibian Aawambo

Effects of Two Alcohol Reduction Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms of ART Clients in Vietnam

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