The relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms among Korean adults

Abstract

). The subjects were classified as nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers by gender. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios(ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the effects of smoking status on depressive symptoms, and depression diagnosed by a doctor. Results: Compared to nonsmokers, the ORs of depressive symptoms for current smokers were 1.11(95% CI, 1.11-1.12) among males, and 1.64(95% CI, 1.63-1.64) among females. Compared to former smokers, the ORs of depressive symptoms for current smokers were 1.05(95% CI, 1.05-1.05) among males, and 1.89(95% CI 1.88-1.90) among females. Compared to nonsmokers, the ORs of depression for current smokers were 0.94(95% CI, 0.94-0.95) among males, and 1.40(95% CI, 1.39-1.41) among females. Compared to former smokers, the ORs of depression for current smokers were 1.09(95% CI, 1.09-1.10) among males, and 0.99(95% CI, 0.99-1.00) among females. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Therefore, it is necessary to consider depressive symptoms with the management of tobacco control policies.

Relationship between oral health and social activity among community‐dwelling older adults in Korea: Focusing on the mediating effect of depressive symptoms

“…Poor geriatric oral health, such as chewing, swallowing and pronunciation problems, leads to discomfort and stress, psychological atrophy, nutritional deficiency, and poor quality of life, which increased the risk of depression. [6][7][8] Individuals with depressive symptoms showed avoidance and resistance tendencies, cognitive decline, and difficulties in memory and concentration in daily life. 29 Furthermore, depressive symptoms caused by poor oral health negatively affect participation in social activities, because individuals with depression react more sensitively to personal relationships, and feel less satisfied with the sense of belonging so personal relationships and social participation are avoided.…”

“…5 Poor oral health can lead to depression. [6][7][8] In old age, as economic activity time decreases, leisure time relatively increases, which further increases stress from loss of oral function, which has been overlooked. 7 Furthermore, oral function problems, such as dry mouth and chewing or swallowing problems, and limited range of food, negatively affect nutrition and quality of life, and increase the risk of depressive symptoms.…”

“…7 Furthermore, oral function problems, such as dry mouth and chewing or swallowing problems, and limited range of food, negatively affect nutrition and quality of life, and increase the risk of depressive symptoms. 8 Geriatric oral health affects not only depressive symptoms, but also social aspects, such as labor and leisure activities, 9 and aesthetic aspects of pronunciation and appearance. 10 Individuals obtain a negative impression or their personality is misjudged as a result of poor dental appearance, 11 which can lead to individual social exclusion and loss of employment or educational opportunities.…”

Association of Eating Alone with Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation among Korean Adults

“…Smoking involves various social factors, such as income and education levels, 13) and is closely linked to depression. 14,15) Therefore, these factors can affect the association between smoking and eating alone, and, after adjusting for the factors, smokers showed a significantly higher risk of depression and suicidal ideation than nonsmokers. For people who exercised, the odds ratio of eating alone on depression was lower than for those who did not exercise.…”

“…A significant difference was noted in the ratio of smokers between eating alone and social eating. Smoking involves various social factors, such as income and education levels [ 13 ], and is closely linked to depression [ 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, these factors can affect the association between smoking and eating alone, and, after adjusting for the factors, smokers showed a significantly higher risk of depression and suicidal ideation than nonsmokers.…”