The Relationship between Sex Roles and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis of Twenty-Six Studies

Bassoff, Evelyn Silten; Glass, Gene V.

doi:10.1177/0011000082104019

Cited by 230 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Selon diverses revues de la documentation scientifique (Bassoff et Glass;1982;Cook, 1985Cook, , 1987, les tenants de Fandrogynat ont tenté de démontrer que l'androgyne est un idéal d'humanité: les individus androgynes ont une meilleure faculté d'adaptation ainsi qu'une meilleure santé psychologique. Les recherches montrent qu'à la fois les personnes androgynes et masculines ont de meilleures facultés d'adaptation que les personnes féminines.…”

Section: Revue De La Documentation Scientifique Relative à Vandrogynatunclassified

Mobilité de sexe et réussite scolaire au collégial

Baudoux¹,

Noircent²

2008

rse

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Cet article porte sur la vérification de certaines hypothèses relatives au lien entre sexe, identité de genre et réussite scolaire au collégial. Les chercheurs ont fait passer à tous les nouveaux inscrits au cégep d'Alma le questionnaire de BEM validé par Pelletier pour le Québec. Les résultats, exception faite de ce qui concerne les androgynes, semblent confirmer les hypothèses: ils indiquent que c'est le sexe plus que l'identité de genre qui influence la réussite scolaire au collégial et ce sont les étudiantes qui connaissent une véritable « mobilité de sexe » qui réussissent le mieux. Plus qu'une simple prise de distance du message social (transcendance des rôles sociaux de sexe), cette mobilité se traduit par une transgression de ce message social.This article examines various hypotheses describing the relationship between sex, gender identification and success at college. The authors administered the BEM questionnaire, validated in Quebec by Pelletier, to all newly enrolled students at Cegep Alma. The results show that except for androgynes, the hypotheses are confirmed: that sex more than gender identity influences success at college level; and that students who have "sexual mobility" have the highest success rate. This mobility seems to be manifested by a transgression of a social message which is more than a simple removal from this message ("transcendance of social sex roles").Este articulo estudia la verificacion de ciertas hipotesis sobre la relacion entre el sexo, la identidad del género y el éxito académico a nivel preuniversitario. Los investigadores aplicaron el cuestionario BEM, validado para el Québec por Pelletier, a todos los nuevos alumnos del colegio de Aima (Québec). Los resultados parecen confirmar que el sexo, mas que la identidad del género, tiene una influencia sobre el éxito académico a nivel preuniversitario excepto para androginos; y que los estudiantes con una verdadera "movilidad de sexo" obtienen un éxito mayor. Mas que un simple distanciamiento del mensaje social (la transcen-dencia de los papeles sociales del sexo), dicha movilidad se traduce en una transgresion de este mensaje social.Dieser Artikel behandelt die Verifikation gewisser Hypothesen beziiglich der Beziehung zwischen Geschlecht, sexueller Identitàt und Leistung auf dem College. Die Forscher haben aile neue Schiller des College von Alma den von Bern eingefuhrten und von Pelletier fur Quebec validierten Fragebogen ausftillen lassen. Abgesehen von den Zwittern scheinen die Ergebnisse die Hypothesen zu bestâtigen: der Erfolg im College hângt mehr vom Geschlecht ab als von der sexuellen Identitàt; aufierdem haben die Schiilerinnen mit richtiger "geschlechtsbezogener Mobilitât" den grôssten Erfolg. Uber eine einfache Abstandnahme gegeniiber der sozialen Regel (Transzendenz der geschlechtsbezogenen sozialen Rollen-verteilung) hinausgehend wird dièse Mobilitât zu einer Ubertretung dieser sozialen Regel

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Section: Revue De La Documentation Scientifique Relative à Vandrogynatunclassified

Mobilité de sexe et réussite scolaire au collégial

Baudoux¹,

Noircent²

2008

rse

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“…Androgyny, for example, is believed to have beneficial consequences such as increases in self-esteem (Allgood-Merten & Stockard, 1991;Feather, 1985; Historically speaking, androgynous people were believed to be more adaptive in their daily interactions and thus able too display higher levels of self-esteem than were sex-typed persons Orloofsky, 1977). Although some continue to believe that androgyny is strongly correlated with high levels of self-esteem, it unequivocally appears that masculinity rather than androgyny is an important element of mental health for both males and females (Bassoff & Glass, 1982; Burnett, Anderson, & Heppner, 1995;Long, 1989 correlation was found in femininity scores and self-esteem. The overall findings of this study showed that male homosexuals were higher in androgyny and femininity than heterosexual males and lower in masculinity than heterosexual males.…”

Section: Gender Roles and Se(festeemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some believe the system now serves to prohibit men and women from developing as complete human beings. Proponents of androgyny maintain that androgynous people, those who combine high levels of masculinity and femininity, are better mentally adjusted individuals than sex-typed persons (Bassoff & Glass, 1982).…”

Section: Gender Roles and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persons categorized as undifferentiated or feminine have been shown to have lower levels of self-esteem as compared to androgynous individuals. High levels of femininity in females have been positively correlated with high anxiety and low self-esteem (Bassoff & Glass, 1982).…”

Section: Gender Roles and Se(festeemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some believe the system now serves to prohibit men and women from developing as complete human beings. Proponents of androgyny maintain that 41 androgynous people, those who combine high levels of masculinity and femininity, are better mentally adjusted individuals than sex-typed persons (Bassoff & Glass, 1982).Researchers have long been interested in understanding the effects of psychological gender on mental health variiables such as self-esteem and loneliness. In addition, researchers have examined the effects of stigmatized group membership (e.g., sexual orientation) on levels of self-esteem and loneliness.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effects of psychological and biological gender on gender role conflict and mental health of gay and lesbian individuals.

Herdman¹

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DEDICATIONThe decision to dedicate this dissertation to the 100e of my life, my seven year old son, Noah Nathanid, was by t~lr the easiest part of my entire doctoral process. Noah, being the precocious and generous boy that he is, selflessly sacrificed cOlll1tlL'SS hours of "daddy" tin1l~ so that I could write, revise, revise, revise, and finalize my dissertation. My new life goal is to repay him in kind with coulltless hours of movies, bowling, and as much scooter time as any parent can bear.11:1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge and thank my dissertation co-chair, Dr. J'-,Iamok Choi, for her patience, high standards, wisdom, integrity, encouragement, and maternal nurturance throughout this difficult process. I discovered that \\Titing a dissertation is replete with emotive highs and lows. Dr. Choi was always there to celebrate the joyous moments with a huge smile and praline5. She \vas just as \villing, hmvever, to share her box of Kleenex when the process seemed nothing less than insurmountable. Thank you Dr. Choi. I hope I made you proud. This dissertation represented an examination of the interrelationships between psychological gender (i.e., masculinity, femll1inity. androgyny, and undifferentiated), biological gender (i.e., male and female). g\?nder role conflict, self-esteem, and loneliness in a sample of gay men and lesbian women. Psychological gender and biological gender served as the independent variables in the ~,1:Udy while gender role conflict, self-esteem, and loneliness served as the dependent variables. A two-way t~lctorial MANOY A was used as the statistical model of choice in addition to conelationalanalyses. A confirmatory factor analysis was also comrleted on the instrument used to measure gender role conflict, the Gender Role Conflict Scale.The dissertation \vas divided into five chapters. The first chapter simply served as an introduction to the study including the variables, definitions, and research questions.Chapter two introduced the literature relevant to th,~ study. The literature relatiye to psychological gender \\'as presented in chronological order, follO\ved by a V1 discussion of the literature addressing self-(.~steern, loneliness. and gender role contlict.Chapter three described the purpose and design of :he current study in addition to all research instruments used. Research instruments included the Bern Sex Role Inventory as the measurement instrument of psychological gender. The RosenbcTg Self-Esteem Scale and the Revised UCLA l.oneliness Scale wcre used to measure self-esteem and loneliness. respectively. Finally, the Gender-Role Conflict Scale \vas used to measure levels of gender role conflict.The study results were presented in chapter four. No signiticant interaction was found between psychological gender and hiological gender on gender role contlict., selfesteem, or loneliness. Significant main effects. however, were observed in psychological gender on all dependent variables. In addition, a significant main effect was observed in biological gender Oil gender role confli...

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The MMPI-2 GM and GF scales as measures of psychological well-being

Castlebury

Durham

1997

J. Clin. Psychol.

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The MMPI-2, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and Tennessee Self-Concept Scales (TSCS) scores were analyzed for 117 male and 139 female college students. A median split on the MMPI-2 GM and GF scores by gender divided subjects into high and low groupings on the MMPI-2 gender variables. Multivariate analyses revealed that scores on the MMPI-2, TSCS, and SCL-90-R consistently differed by GM and GF status with differences most pronounced for the GM scale. Higher scores on the GM variable were associated with scores on the MMPI-2, TSCS, and SCL-90-R that reflected less psychopathology. Similar trends were noted for higher scorers on the GF variable, but fewer significant differences across the scales were found. The results are consistent with an interpretation of GM and GF as correlates of psychological wellbeing.

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The Relationship between Sex Roles and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis of Twenty-Six Studies

Cited by 230 publications

References 26 publications

Mobilité de sexe et réussite scolaire au collégial

Mobilité de sexe et réussite scolaire au collégial

The effects of psychological and biological gender on gender role conflict and mental health of gay and lesbian individuals.

The MMPI-2 GM and GF scales as measures of psychological well-being

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