The relationship between <scp>UV</scp> exposure and incidence of skin cancer

Moan, Johan Emelian; Grigalavicius, Mantas; Baturaite, Zivile; Dahlback, Arne; Juzeniene, Asta

doi:10.1111/phpp.12139

Cited by 98 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The most affected tissue is the skin, especially its living cells such as fibroblasts, which have the ability to constantly proliferate. The consequences of skin exposure to UV radiation or chemicals are well recognized as a perturbation in the immune system and redox balance resulting in skin aging, as well as the promotion of serious diseases, such as skin cancers [45]. Fibroblasts exposed to highly energetic and strongly cytotoxic and mutagenic UVB irradiation, as well as to less energetic but more penetrating UVA radiation react in different ways to both types of radiation [46, 47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of protective effect of ascorbic acid on redox and endocannabinoid systems interactions in in vitro cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2017

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The mechanisms of biological activity of commonly used natural compounds are constantly examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare ascorbic acid efficacy in counteracting the consequences of UV and hydrogen peroxide treatment on lipid mediators and their regulative action on antioxidant abilities. Skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB irradiation, treated with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. The redox system was estimated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (electron spin resonance spectrometer) and antioxidants level/activity (HPLC/spectrometry) which activity was evaluated by the level of phospholipid metabolites: 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes and endocannabinoids (GC/LC-MS) in the human skin fibroblasts. Protein and DNA oxidative modifications were also determined (LC). The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), its activators and inhibitors as well as pro/anti-apoptotic proteins and endocannabinoid receptors was examined (Western blot) and collagen metabolism was evaluated by collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity (spectrometry). UVA and UVB irradiation and hydrogen peroxide treatment enhanced activity of xanthine and NADPH oxidases resulting in ROS generation as well as diminution of antioxidant phospholipid protection (glutathione peroxidase-glutathione-vitamin E), what led to increased lipid peroxidation and decreased endocannabinoids level. Dysregulation of cannabinoid receptors expression and environment of transcription factor Nrf2 caused apoptosis induction. Ascorbic acid partially prevented ROS generation, antioxidant capacity diminution and endocannabinoid systems disturbances but only slightly protected macromolecules such as phospholipid, protein and DNA against oxidative modifications. However, ascorbic acid significantly prevented decrease in collagen type I biosynthesis. Ascorbic acid in similar degree prevents UV (UVA and UVB) and hydrogen peroxide-dependent redox imbalance. However, this antioxidant cannot efficiently protect cellular macromolecules and avert metabolic dysregulation leading to apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of protective effect of ascorbic acid on redox and endocannabinoid systems interactions in in vitro cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2017

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“…The increased melanin barrier in darker-pigmented individuals decreases both ultraviolet (UV) A and B radiation through the skin (38)(39)(40). UV radiation is known to induce both cell death and malignant transformation of skin cells; it is considered the paramount risk factor for melanoma (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Compared to fairer-skinned people, UVB radiation through the epidermis is diminished by approximately 50% in darker-skinned people (38), and UVA transmission through the dermis decreases from 27 to 4% at 314 nm and 47 to 14% at 400 nm (39).…”

Section: Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Matthews

Qureshi

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

247

321

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Melanoma is a potentially lethal cancer that is most commonly cutaneous. The worldwide incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly over the course of the last 50 years. Its incidence is greatest among fair-skinned populations, and in regions of lower latitude. Incidence is greater among geriatric populations, but melanoma is also among the most common cancers found in adolescent and young adult populations. In fact, it is one of the leading cancers in average years of life lost per death from disease. Melanoma incidence varies by sex, which is also associated with differences in melanoma anatomic site. Similar differences by region, ethnicity, age, and sex are observed in mortality rates of melanoma. In the setting of rising incidence and mortality, melanoma bears a heavy health and economic burden. Attributable costs are several billion in nations with greater melanoma incidence. Preventative strategies have been implemented in multiple high-risk regions with variable success. It is imperative that research efforts Epidemiology of Melanoma 4 achieve better understanding of the risk factors and etiology of disease, with the goal to halt and reverse the progressive trend of rising incidence and mortality from melanoma.

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“…Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for growth, progression and invasive capabilities of basal cell carcinoma are only partially recognised. The main risk factor for basal cell carcinoma is ultraviolet (UV) light exposure (9). The mitochondria are vulnerable to UVA light that induces oxidative damage (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased expression of the mitochondrial solute carrier SLC25A43 in basal cell carcinoma compared with healthy skin

et al. 2017

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Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer in fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the gene and protein expression of the mitochondrial solute carrier family 25 member 43 (SLC25A43) in basal cell carcinoma. SLC25A43 has previously been identified to be genetically altered and associated with cell proliferation in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. However, the knowledge about SLC25A43 is limited, and its role in other cancers is unknown. The SLC25A43 gene and protein expression was analysed in 14 basal cell carcinomas and healthy skin samples from the same individuals by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results demonstrated a significantly lower (≥50%) SLC25A43 gene expression in all carcinomas compared with that in healthy skin. In addition, SLC25A43 protein expression was absent in >90% of all visual fields in the basal cell carcinomas, and the H-score was significantly lower in tumours compared with the adjacent epidermis. These results demonstrate that SLC25A43 expression is altered at the gene and protein levels in basal cell carcinoma. The underlying mechanisms and the clinical relevance of these data must be elucidated in additional experimental and clinical studies.

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The relationship between UV exposure and incidence of skin cancer

Abstract: The incidence-sun exposure relationship for all three cancers is well described by the power law. SCC is dependent on total UV exposures, while BCC, and even more CM, is dependent also on exposure patterns, with intermittent exposures being most carcinogenic.

Cited by 98 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of protective effect of ascorbic acid on redox and endocannabinoid systems interactions in in vitro cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide

Comparison of protective effect of ascorbic acid on redox and endocannabinoid systems interactions in in vitro cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Decreased expression of the mitochondrial solute carrier SLC25A43 in basal cell carcinoma compared with healthy skin

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