“…From all publications selected ( n = 257) for full‐text reading, only 47 used diagnostic criteria to establish the clinical diagnoses of the patient samples (16, 18, 42–44, 59, 63, 66, 67, 71, 78, 79, 81–83, 88, 89, 91, 93, 98–124). Of these 47 studies, 17 (18, 79, 81–83, 88, 89, 91, 98–104) used RDC/TMD (2), 11 (42, 59, 66, 105–111, 124) listed the criteria but did not refer to any validated criteria or TMD study, 14 (16, 43, 44, 63, 71, 93, 111–118) used criteria from other published TMD studies, and six (67, 68, 119–122) used the Helkimo Index (125). Among the efficacy studies (Table 4), 17 used diagnostic criteria (18, 42–44, 59, 63, 66–68, 71, 79, 81–83, 88, 89, 91), eight (18, 79, 81–83, 88, 89, 91) RDC/TMD (2), three (42, 59, 66) listed the criteria in the publication but did not refer to any validated criteria or TMD published study, four (43, 44, 63, 71) used criteria from previously published TMD studies, and two (67, 68) used the Helkimo Index (125).…”