The Relationship between Protein Intake and Source on Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Akhavan, Neda; Pourafshar, Shirin; Johnson, Sarah A.; George, Kelli; Muñoz, Joseph; Siebert, Shalom; Clark, Elizabeth A.; Basiri, Raedeh; Hickner, Robert C.; Navaei, Negin; Levenson, Cathy W.; Daggy, Bruce P.; Arjmandi, Bahram H.

doi:10.3390/nu12072031

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This shows that β-cell function can be improved by increasing animal protein intake. 5 Our results did not classify the individual’s protein intake according to source (ie, animal or plant protein) or measure the β-cell function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Protein Intake Among Patients with Insulin-Treated Diabetes is Linked to Poor Glycemic Control: Findings of NHANES Data

Bawadi¹,

Al-Bayyari²,

Tayyem³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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Background Nutrition therapy is considered a key component of diabetes management. Recently, high-protein diets have gained in popularity. Understanding the glycemic effect of dietary protein among patients with diabetes has been of particular interest. Methods This study is based on NHANES data of 990 participants aged 40 years and older from the NHANES cohorts of 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 surveys. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c level) was used as indicator of glycemic control. Patients were categorized into quartiles for daily protein intake. Average protein intakes for patients in quartile 1 to quartile 4 were 35.5 g, 58.7 g, 79.9 g, and 131.6 g, respectively. Covariates included in the analysis were gender, age, race, caloric intake, muscle strength, education, income, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, and BMI. Results After controlling for covariates, patients in quartile 4 of protein intake had 261% increased risk of poor glycemic control compared with those in quartile 1 (95% CI: 1.29–5.30). The association was not attenuated after further control for insulin use (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.89–4.24). In conclusion, higher protein intake seems related to a worse glycemic control in diabetic subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Evidence proposes that high-protein intake is associated with an improvement in insulin resistance; however, the lipid profiles were not affected in the study population. 5 Furthermore, Akhavan et al (2020) reported that a higher intake of animal protein can enhance the function of β-cell and reduce plasma triglycerides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Intake Among Patients with Insulin-Treated Diabetes is Linked to Poor Glycemic Control: Findings of NHANES Data

Bawadi¹,

Al-Bayyari²,

Tayyem³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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“…However, it’s important to note that more clinical trials need to be conducted to confirm the effects of specific nutrients on diabetes and mental health outcomes when they coexist. It has been shown that individuals with diabetes who follow a specialized diet can maintain the best glycemic control and decrease the chance of diabetes-related complications [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In addition, the poor nutritional intake of essential nutrients can impact the body’s ability to produce hormones and neurotransmitters and further influence blood glucose levels and mental health [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence

Basiri,

Seidu,

Cheskin

2023

Nutrients

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Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other. Nutrition plays an important role in both diabetes and mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. Deficiencies in specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc, chromium, magnesium, and selenium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and mental disorders. While the impact of nutrition on the progression and control of diabetes and mental disorders is broadly acknowledged, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the implications of distinct nutrients in preventing and mitigating symptoms of both conditions when they coexist. The aim of this study was to examine the role of nutrition in improving glucose homeostasis and promoting mental well-being among individuals with diabetes. Further, we evaluated the preventive or delaying effects of key nutrients on the simultaneous manifestation of these conditions when one of them is present. Our findings indicated that the use of personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutrient supplementation can improve metabolic and mental health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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“…A randomized crossover study on eight patients with T2DM showed that a high-protein-low-CHO diet improves glycemic control with statistically significant results [ 165 ]. A recent cross-sectional study of 212 participants (most participants were between the ages of 45 and 75, overweight or obese, with prediabetes or T2DM) suggested that the mean value of HOMA-IR is lower in those with a protein intake higher than recommendations as compared to those whose protein intake was lower [ 166 ]. A meta-analysis of 9 short-term studies (418 subjects with T2DM) showed that high-protein diets resulted in a better glycemic control (decreased HbA1c by 0.52%) and weight loss but did not affect fasting blood glucose or lipid levels [ 167 ].…”

Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Approach to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Diet to Bioactive Compounds

et al. 2023

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In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diet plays a key role. Individualized medical nutritional therapy, as part of lifestyle optimization, is one of the cornerstones for the management of T2DM and has been shown to improve metabolic outcomes. This paper discusses major aspects of the nutritional intervention (including macro- and micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and supplements), with key practical advice. Various eating patterns, such as the Mediterranean-style, low-carbohydrate, vegetarian or plant-based diets, as well as healthy eating plans with caloric deficits have been proven to have beneficial effects for patients with T2DM. So far, the evidence does not support a specific macronutrient distribution and meal plans should be individualized. Reducing the overall carbohydrate intake and replacing high glycemic index (GI) foods with low GI foods have been shown as valid options for patients with T2DM to improve glycemic control. Additionally, evidence supports the current recommendation to reduce the intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake, since their excessive intake promotes weight gain. The quality of fats seems to be rather important and the substitution of saturated and trans fatty acids with foods rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats lowers cardiovascular risk and improves glucose metabolism. There is no benefit of supplementation with antioxidants, such as carotene, vitamins E and C, or other micronutrients, due to the lack of consistent evidence showing efficacy and long-term safety. Some studies suggest possible beneficial metabolic effects of nutraceuticals in patients with T2DM, but more evidence about their efficacy and safety is still needed.

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The Relationship between Protein Intake and Source on Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Protein Intake Among Patients with Insulin-Treated Diabetes is Linked to Poor Glycemic Control: Findings of NHANES Data

Protein Intake Among Patients with Insulin-Treated Diabetes is Linked to Poor Glycemic Control: Findings of NHANES Data

Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence

Comprehensive Approach to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Diet to Bioactive Compounds

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