The Relationship Between Pressure Ulcer Prevalence, Body Mass Index, and Braden Scales and Subscales

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether any of the Braden subscales were more strongly related to pressure ulcer occurrence than the Braden total score in obese and nonobese hospitalized patients. The authors investigated whether defining high risk for the total Braden score of 16 or less was associated with pressure ulcer occurrence.

The prevalence and specific characteristics of hospitalised pressure ulcer patients: A multicentre cross‐sectional study

“…This research revealed that high‐risk patients (10–12) were more likely to have a pressure ulcer than extreme‐risk patients. Similarly, Pokorny, Rose, and Watkins () reported that patients with a Braden score ≤16 were more likely to develop a pressure ulcer than those with a Braden score ≤ 12.…”

Hospital‐acquired pressure injury prevention in people with a BMI of 30.0 or higher: A scoping review

“…Five interventional studies were related to Objective 1 (Atrous et al, 2021; Ghezeljeh et al, 2017; Powers, 2016; Rose et al, 2022; Sutton et al, 2013). Five case studies (Dambaugh & Ecklund, 2016; Spike, 2018; Tammellero, 2011; Tatusov et al, 2017; Temple et al, 2017), two qualitative studies (Barakat‐Johnson et al, 2019; Hales et al, 2018) and two mixed methods studies (Tanneberger & Ciupitu‐Plath, 2018; Walker et al, 2019) were related to Objective 2 and 28 quantitative studies— to Objective 3 (Amini et al, 2022; Buffon et al, 2022; Capasso et al, 2022; Carson et al, 2018; Coyer et al, 2014; Ditillo et al, 2014; Drake et al, 2010; Gardiner et al, 2014; Grap et al, 2019; Großschädl & Bauer, 2022; Hobson et al, 2017; Hyun et al, 2014; Kayser et al, 2019; Kottner et al, 2011; Litcherfeld‐Kottner et al, 2020; Mananzo et al, 2014; Miller et al, 2016; Ness et al, 2018; O'Brien et al, 2014; Pokorny et al, 2014; Qaddumi & Almahmoud, 2019; Raff et al, 2016; Swanson et al, 2011; Tracy et al, 2020; VanGilder et al, 2010, 2021; Verekova et al, 2020; Workum et al, 2022).…”

“…Nineteen studies totalling over 1 million patients found no association between BMI ≥ 30 and pressure injury occurrence (Amini et al, 2022; Buffon et al, 2022; Capasso et al, 2022; Gardiner et al, 2014; Großschädl & Bauer, 2022; Hobson et al, 2017; Kottner et al, 2011; Litcherfeld‐Kottner et al, 2020; Mananzo et al, 2014; Miller et al, 2016; O'Brien et al, 2014; Pokorny et al, 2014; Qaddumi & Almahmoud, 2019; Raff et al, 2016; Swanson et al, 2011; VanGilder et al, 2010, 2021; Verekova et al, 2020; Workum et al, 2022). Lastly, Coyer et al (2014) found 8 out of 15 patients who developed a medical device‐related pressure injury had a BMI ≥ 30, with nearly half being mucous ulcers, no skin ulcers, but with no p ‐value or odds ratio reported for this finding.…”

“…All included studies that used a risk assessment tool in their analysis, used the Braden scale (Coyer et al, 2014; Drake et al, 2010; Ghezeljeh et al, 2017; Grap et al, 2019; Großschädl & Bauer, 2022; Hyun et al, 2014; Miller et al, 2016; Pokorny et al, 2014; Powers, 2016; Swanson et al, 2011). The clinical practice guidelines mention high BMI individuals are inclined to drag their sacrum and heels when getting out of bed, causing shear and friction (European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel et al, 2019).…”

“…Nutrition plays an important role in pressure injury prevention and management (Munoz et al, 2020; Jacq et al, 2021). Included studies have acknowledged high BMI patients may be malnourished (Dambaugh & Ecklund, 2016; Ness et al, 2018) and that this is associated with pressure injury occurrence (Ness et al, 2018; Pokorny et al, 2014). The International guidelines discuss the American Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) 2016 and 2017 energy and protein recommendations for critically ill obese patients (European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel et al, 2019).…”