The relationship between prenatal testosterone and developmental stuttering in boys

Abstract

Stuttering is a multi-factorial speech disorder characterized by various dysfluencies in the beginning and/or smooth flow of speech. Its incidence is about 1% in the general population, with 80% of stuttering cases seen in children aged three to eight years. The etiology of developmental stuttering has not been precisely explained. Several researchers report that neurological factors, especially atypical lateralization of the speech and language processes, play an important role in the etiology of stuttering. Various hypotheses suggest that prenatal testosterone causes atypical hemispheric lateralization. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of prenatal testosterone in the etiology of developmental stuttering by the use of the ratio of secondand fourth-digit lengths (2D:4D). Totally 133 boys (49 boys who stutter and 84 boys who do not stutter) were included in the study. The age range of children participating in the study was determined as 2-12 years. In the comparative evaluation conducted between the stuttering group and the control group in terms of their right 2D:4D and left 2D:4D ratios, it was found that the left 2D:4D ratio of the patients was significantly higher than that of the control group. We are of the opinion that prenatal testosterone may play a role in the etiology of developmental stuttering. The present study is the first study in the literature to reveal a relationship between prenatal testosterone and developmental stuttering.

The Association between Sex Hormones and Developmental Stuttering Disorder: A Systematic Review

“…On the other hand, Donmez et al reported that the left 2D:4D ratio of the patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.017) and there was no significant statistical difference between the groups in terms of right 2D:4D ratios (p = 0.595) (DÖNMEZ et al, 2019). Moreover, Selçuk et al revealed that he medians of the testosterone levels of the stutterer were significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.001).…”