The relationship between power and the time to achieve &amp;OV0312;O2max

Hill, David W.; Poole, David C.; Smith, J. C.

doi:10.1249/00005768-200204000-00023

Cited by 95 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In other words, the assumption that the asymptotic or ''steady-state'' value of V _O 2 is predictable from the projected ''gain'' of the moderateintensity response does not appear to be valid during work rates that elicit a V _O 2 slow component. We (and others) have demonstrated that the V _O 2 kinetics for severe-intensity exercise are functionally first-order with a time constant (s) that is not discernibly different from that of moderate-intensity exercise (Ö zyener et al 2001;Hill et al 2002). That is, the work rate, regardless of an individual's V _O 2max , requires ATP to be supplied at a particular rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Negative accumulated oxygen deficit during heavy and very heavy intensity cycle ergometry in humans

et al. 2003

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The concept of the accumulated O(2) deficit (AOD) assumes that the O(2) deficit increases monotonically with increasing work rate (WR), to plateau at the maximum AOD, and is based on linear extrapolation of the relationship between measured steady-state oxygen uptake ( VO(2)) and WR for moderate exercise. However, for high WRs, the measured VO(2) increases above that expected from such linear extrapolation, reflecting the superimposition of a "slow component" on the fundamental VO(2) mono-exponential kinetics. We were therefore interested in determining the effect of the VO(2) slow component on the computed AOD. Ten subjects [31 (12) years] performed square-wave cycle ergometry of moderate (40%, 60%, 80% and 90% ), heavy (40%Delta), very heavy (80%Delta) and severe (110% VO(2)(peak)) intensities for 10-15 min, theta(L)where is the estimated lactate threshold and Delta is the WR difference between and VO(2)(peak). VO(2) was determined breath-by-breath. Projected "steady-state" VO(2) values were determined from sub- tests. The measured VO(2) exceeded the projected value after approximately 3 min for both heavy and very heavy intensity exercise. This led to the AOD actually becoming negative. Thus, for heavy exercise, while the AOD was positive [0.63 (0.41) l] at 5 min, it was negative by 10 min [-0.61 (1.05) l], and more so by 15 min [-1.70 (1.64) l]. For the very heavy WRs, the AOD was [0.42 (0.67) l] by 5 min and reached -2.68 (2.09) l at exhaustion. For severe exercise, however, the AOD at exhaustion was positive in each case: +1.69 (0.39) l. We therefore conclude that the assumptions underlying the computation of the AOD are invalid for heavy and very heavy cycle ergometry (at least). Physiological inferences, such as the "anaerobic work capacity", are therefore prone to misinterpretation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Negative accumulated oxygen deficit during heavy and very heavy intensity cycle ergometry in humans

et al. 2003

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“…Finally, after $90-110 s of exercise, a third or slow component emerges and drives the _ V V O 2 to above what would be predicted based on the submaximal relationship between _ V V O 2 and work rate, prior to exhaustion (Å strand and Saltin 1961;Gaesser and Poole 1996;Poole et al 1988Poole et al , 1990Whipp 1994). Intensities that are above the severe domain, and so high that there is insufficient time for the _ V V O 2 to reach its maximum, are classified as extreme (Hill et al 2002b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake kinetics during severe intensity running and cycling

Hill

Halcomb

Stevens

2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise mode on the characteristics of the oxygen uptake (VO(2)) ()response to exercise within the severe intensity domain. Twelve participants each performed a treadmill running test and a cycle ergometer test to fatigue at intensities selected to elicit a mode-specific VO(2)max and to cause fatigue in ~5 min. The tests were at 234 (30) m.min(-1) and 251 (59) W, and times to fatigue were 297 (15) s and 298 (14) s, respectively. The overall rapidity of the VO(2)response was influenced by exercise mode [VO(2)max was achieved after 115 (20) s in running versus 207 (36) s in cycling; p<0.01]. VO(2) responses were fit to a three-phase exponential model. The time constant of the primary phase was faster in treadmill tests than in cycle ergometer tests [14 (6) s versus 25 (4) s; p<0.01], and the amplitude of the primary phase was greater in running than in cycling when it was expressed in absolute terms [2327 (393) ml.min(-1) versus 2036 (301) ml.min(-1); p=0.02] but not when it was expressed as a percentage of the total increase in VO(2) [86 (6)% versus 82 (6)%; p=0.09]. When quantified as the difference between the end-exercise VO(2) and the VO(2) at 2 min, the amplitude of the slow component was ~40% smaller in running [177 (92) ml.min(-1) versus 299 (153) ml min(-1); p=0.03]. It is concluded that exercise modality affects the characteristics of the VO(2) response at equivalent intensities in the severe domain.

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“…That is, the highest _ V V O 2max values were, as would be expected mathematically, systematically higher as fewer breaths were included in an average. _ V V O 2max can also be elicited by fatiguing constantpower exercise performed at any work rate within the severe exercise intensity domain Gaesser and Poole 1996;Sloniger et al 1996;Hill et al 2002). In fatiguing exercise of $3 to $12 min duration (i.e., in the upper levels of the severe intensity domain), _ V V O 2max should be elicited shortly before fatigue occurs (Whipp 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sampling strategy on measures of V?O2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems

Hill

Stephens

Blumoff-Ross

et al. 2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sampling strategy (i.e., number of breaths) on measured peak rate of oxygen uptake ( VO(2peak)) elicited by a range of severe intensity exercise bouts. The hypothesis was that a smaller sample (i.e., fewer breaths) would produce a higher measure of VO(2peak) and that this effect would be greater in shorter tests than in longer tests. Thirty-three university students performed constant-power cycle ergometer tests at intensities selected to elicit fatigue in ~3.0 min (short duration), approximately 5.5 min (medium duration), and approximately 8.0 min (long duration). Values for VO(2peak) were the highest rates of oxygen uptake obtained using the following sampling methods: single breath, and 3-, 5-, 15- and 30-breath rolling averages. As hypothesized, measures of VO(2peak) increased systematically with decreasing sample size. Contrary to the hypothesis, the effect of sample size was greater in medium duration and long duration tests than in the short duration tests. The interaction between test duration and sample size on measures of VO(2peak) highlights the importance of standardizing the analysis protocol for exercise in the severe domain. If such standardization is not feasible, it should be recognized that specific analysis protocols may exert a substantial effect upon the reported VO(2peak).

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The relationship between power and the time to achieve &OV0312;O2max

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Negative accumulated oxygen deficit during heavy and very heavy intensity cycle ergometry in humans

Negative accumulated oxygen deficit during heavy and very heavy intensity cycle ergometry in humans

Oxygen uptake kinetics during severe intensity running and cycling

Effect of sampling strategy on measures of V?O2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems

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