The Relationship between Pont, Bolton Analysis, DMF Index and the Severity of Malocclusion at SDN Gambut 10, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Malocclusion is abnormal relationship between upper and lower jaw. Malocclusion can lead to facial aesthetics dissatisfaction, difficulty in speaking, chewing and swallowing, and also temporomandibular joint and orofacial pain. There are several factors that can cause malocclusion, such as: genetics (hereditary), overall health history, oral habit and local factors (e.g.: misplaced tooth germ, agenesis, and caries). These factors can be observed by measuring jaw length and width, jaw discrepancy as well as caries severity level. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between some etiology of malocclusion and the severity of malocclusion. Methods and materials: This was a cross-sectional observation research to analyze the condition of malocclusion and its possible cause of etiology. Alginate impression was taken on 104 samples, then poured with type III dental plaster to create study models. Several measurements were made on the models: premolar and molar width (Pont’s analysis), tooth size discrepancy (Bolton’s analysis), and jaw discrepancy. The severity of malocclusion was determined based on ICON index, while the severity of caries was categorized using DMF index. The data obtained were displayed in the form distribution and percentage based on gender, then Chi-square test was performed to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results and Conclusion: The characteristics of malocclusion in grade 4-6 students at SDN Gambut 10 are mild level of malocclusion with constriction of both upper and lower jaw. There is correlation between constriction in molar region and lower jaw crowding with the severity of malocclusion. Malocclusion occurs due to various etiological factors, thus its severity cannot be determined by some factors alone.