The relationship between plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations in pregnant dairy cattle and calf birth weight, calf viability, placental weight and placental expulsion

Zhang, W.C; Nakao, Toshihiko; Moriyoshi, Masaharu; Nakada, Ken; Ohtaki, Tadatoshi; Ribadu, Abdullahi Y.; Tanaka, Yoshitaka

doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00154-7

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This hypothesis is supported by the positive correlation between maternal plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations after day 195 of gestation, and neonatal viability, calf birth weight and placental weight (Zhang et al, 1999). Additionally, dams of weak, growth-retarded calves do not show the expected (Kindahl et al, 2002b) pre-partum increase in oestrogens (Ogata et al, 1999).…”

Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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Although the majority of pregnancy failures occur during the embryonic period, reports indicate that approximately 5% of detected pregnancies are lost during the fetal period, underlining the fact that fetal death is a substantial cause of economic loss. However, examination for fetal development or death during pregnancy is not performed routinely in domestic animals, and reference curves for normal fetal growth are, therefore, scarce. In this paper, the numerous possible causes of fetal death are reviewed briefly, with emphasis on the role of placental problems in fetal death and impaired fetal viability. In this respect, the role of placental insufficiency as a cause of pregnancy loss in twin pregnancies in monotocous species is well known, whereas the abnormal placental development leading to retarded fetal growth during pregnancies in recipients of in vitro produced (IVP) or nuclear transfer (NT) embryos has been less extensively documented.Fetal viability or death can be evaluated using hormonal, chemical and ultrasonographic parameters. For example, the viability of the feto-placental unit can be examined by measuring maternal plasma concentrations of oestrone sulphate or the placental proteins, including pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and pregnancy-specific protein B-60 (PSPB-60). Low concentrations of any of these three indicate either no pregnancy, or if pregnancy was confirmed earlier, fetal death and abnormally high or low levels can indicate fetal abnormality.Ultrasound can be used to examine the fetal heart rate (FHR), the incidence of fetal movements (FM), the appearance of fetal fluids and the development of the fetus and placenta. However, although abnormal FHRs have been correlated to subsequent fetal death, it is important to remember that there is a large physiological variation in FHR at the end of gestation, due to different behavioural states and differences in FM patterns. Although monitoring fetal viability and death using hormonal and ultrasonographic evaluations is possible during pregnancy in domestic animals, there is considerable physiological variations in the 'normal' values. Therefore,- 82-83 (2004) [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430] suitable combinations of tests need to be identified and more accurate reference values generated before such approaches can be considered reliable for monitoring the status of individual fetuses.

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Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…As a result, it has been suggested that placental growth may be less sensitive to nutritional deficiencies in cattle than in sheep. Placental weight and birth weight are highly correlated in cattle (Anthony et al, 1986b;Echternkamp, 1993;Zhang et al, 1999); however, the functional capacity of the placenta is closely related to placental perfusion. Bovine uterine and umbilical blood flow increases exponentially during the second half of gestation, which equates to relatively constant rates of umbilical blood flow on a foetal weightspecific basis during this period (Reynolds et al, 1986).…”

Section: Normal Bovine Conceptus Growth and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Greenwood

Café

2007

Animal

150

113

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Severe, chronic growth retardation of cattle early in life reduces growth potential, resulting in smaller animals at any given age. Capacity for long-term compensatory growth diminishes as the age of onset of nutritional restriction resulting in prolonged growth retardation declines. Hence, more extreme intrauterine growth retardation can result in slower growth throughout postnatal life. However, within the limits of beef production systems, neither severely restricted growth in utero nor from birth to weaning influences efficiency of nutrient utilisation later in life. Retail yield from cattle severely restricted in growth during pregnancy or from birth to weaning is reduced compared with cattle well grown early in life, when compared at the same age later in life. However, retail yield and carcass composition of low-and high-birth-weight calves are similar at the same carcass weight. At equivalent carcass weights, cattle grown slowly from birth to weaning have carcasses of similar or leaner composition than those grown rapidly. However, if high energy, concentrate feed is provided following severe growth restriction from birth to weaning, then at equivalent weights post-weaning the slowly-grown, small weaners may be fatter than their well-grown counterparts. Restricted prenatal and pre-weaning nutrition and growth do not adversely affect measures of beef quality. Similarly, bovine myofibre characteristics are little affected in the long term by growth in utero or from birth to weaning. Interactions were not evident between prenatal and pre-weaning growth for subsequent growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality characteristics, within our pasture-based production systems. Furthermore, interactions between genotype and nutrition early in life, studied using offspring of Piedmontese and Wagyu sired cattle, were not evident for any growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality parameters. We propose that within pasture-based production systems for beef cattle, the plasticity of the carcass tissues, particularly of muscle, allows animals that are growth-retarded early in life to attain normal composition at equivalent weights in the long term, albeit at older ages. However, the quality of nutrition during recovery from early life growth retardation may be important in determining the subsequent composition of young, light-weight cattle relative to their heavier counterparts. Finally, it should be emphasised that long-term consequences of more specific and/or acute environmental influences during specific stages of embryonic, foetal and neonatal calf development remain to be determined. This need for further research extends to consequences of nutrition and growth early in life for reproductive capacity.

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“…Therefore, these results imply that the difference in both hormone concentrations may be attributable to calf viability. It has been reported that in the cow plasma estrone sulfate concentrations during pregnancy are associated with calf viability [18]. If this is correct, progestagen and estrone measurement may be usable for monitoring calf viability before parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Progestagen and Estrone During Pregnancy in a Giraffe: A Case Report

Isobe

Nakao

Shimada

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The present study was carried out to measure fecal progestagen and estrone concentrations during pregnancy in a giraffe and examine the possibility of utilizing this assay system for pregnancy diagnosis. Fecal samples were collected from a giraffe during her third and fourth parities and mixed with methanol to prepare a fecal solution. Diluted fecal solution was used for direct enzyme immunoassay for progestagen and estrone. The newborn calf from the third parity was viable, although that from the fourth parity died 5 days after calving. In the third parity, the giraffe's progestagen and estrone concentrations increased transiently from days 30 to 120 of pregnancy. Then, they decreased and remained low until day 330. This was followed by a drastic rise in both concentrations as parturition approached. Parturition caused a reduction in the progestagen and estrone concentrations of the feces. In the fourth parity, the progestagen concentration increased gradually after mating until day 320. This was followed by a reduction in the concentration until parturition. However, the estrone concentration fluctuated, and the duration and extent of the prepartum rise in concentration were shorter and lower than those of the third parity. The hormone dynamics of the third parity suggest the possibility of early pregnancy diagnosis by measuring progestagen or estrone between days 30 and 120 after mating.

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The relationship between plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations in pregnant dairy cattle and calf birth weight, calf viability, placental weight and placental expulsion

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Fecal Progestagen and Estrone During Pregnancy in a Giraffe: A Case Report

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