The relationship between plasma levels of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, sex steroids, and gonadotrophins during the menstrual cycle

El-Talatini, Mona R.; Taylor, Anthony H.; Konje, Justin C.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.033

Cited by 95 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These data suggest that some of these factors may also be regulating FAAH expression in the uterus. The main controlling factors discovered so far for the control of FAAH expression are progesterone (Maccarrone et al 2003), leptin (Gasperi et al 2005), and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF; (Deutsch et al 2002)) which are all elevated during this phase of the menstrual cycle , 2009cGuney et al 2007;Ludwig et al 2000). Although relatively little is known about the factors that regulate NAPE-PLD expression, some have speculated that the tight reciprocal regulation between FAAH and NAPE-PLD in the rodent implantation site (Guo et al 2005;Paria et al 1996;2001;Ueda et al 2000Ueda et al , 2005 is suggestive of a similar but inverted regulatory pathway for NAPE-PLD and FAAH expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore aimed to localise the endocannabinoid system in the human endometrium and examine if the systemic fluctuations in plasma AEA that we have already determined (El-Talatini et al 2009c;Habayeb et al 2004;Lam et al 2008) correlate with changes in receptor or enzyme expression in the uterine functionalis, especially in the stromal cell population, as this is the site of decidualisation, crucial for successful human implantation and early pregnancy success (Jones et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histomorphometric evaluation of cannabinoid receptor and anandamide modulating enzyme expression in the human endometrium through the menstrual cycle

Taylor

Abbas

Habiba

et al. 2010

Histochem Cell Biol

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Plasma anandamide (AEA) levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy in a pattern suggesting its involvement in implantation and early pregnancy maintenance through mechanisms that might involve its binding to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Plasma AEA levels are maintained by the actions of the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). All of these component parts of the 'endocannabinoid system' have been demonstrated in rodent but not in human uteri. This study aimed to demonstrate the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the human uterus and catalogue its modulation. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to localise and determine the distribution of immunoreactive CB1, CB2, FAAH, and NAPE-PLD in well-characterised menstrual cycle biopsy samples. Immunoreactive CB1 and CB2 were widely distributed throughout the uterine tissue. In the myometrium and endometrium, smooth muscle cells were immunoreactive, although the vascular smooth muscle cells in both tissues were more so. In the endometrium, CB1 and CB2 immunoreactivity was primarily restricted to the glandular epithelium and expression was unrelated to the phase of the cycle. FAAH immunoreactivity in the endometrium was highest in the mid-proliferative gland and mid-secretory stroma, whilst NAPE-PLD immunoreactivity was down-regulated in the secretory epithelial gland compared to the proliferative epithelial gland and unaffected in the stroma. These data indicate that elements of the 'endocannabinoid system' coexist in many cell types within the uterus and may provide insight into the sites of action of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids during endometrial transformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric evaluation of cannabinoid receptor and anandamide modulating enzyme expression in the human endometrium through the menstrual cycle

Taylor

Abbas

Habiba

et al. 2010

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…To determine a possible role of the ECS in the pathophysiology of the ovaries, El-Talatini et al[82] studied the expression levels of different components of the ECS [108]. They were able to show the expression of CB 1 and CB 2 as well as of NAPE-PLD and FAAH in normal human ovaries by immunohistochemical methods.…”

Section: The Ecs In Gynecological Disorders and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were able to show the expression of CB 1 and CB 2 as well as of NAPE-PLD and FAAH in normal human ovaries by immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, they found AEA in the follicular fluid after ovarian stimulation by hormones (following an in vitro fertilization protocol which caused an increase in follicle size), suggesting that AEA is involved in the maturation of follicles and oocytes [82, 108]. Another study group demonstrated expression of CB 1 and FAAH in the ovarian surface epithelium from which ovarian cancers originate, which could be another hint for a possible involvement of the ECS in ovarian cancer [109].…”

Section: The Ecs In Gynecological Disorders and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases

Luschnig

Schicho

2019

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a multifunctional homeostatic system involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. The ligands of the ECS are the endocannabinoids, whose actions are mimicked by exogenous cannabinoids, such as phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. Responses to the ligands of the ECS are mediated by numerous receptors like the classical cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) as well as ECS-related receptors, e.g., G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55 (GPR18 and GPR55), transient receptor potential ion channels, and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The ECS regulates almost all levels of female reproduction, starting with oocyte production through to parturition. Dysregulation of the ECS is associated with the development of gynecological disorders from fertility disorders to cancer. Cannabinoids that act at the ECS as specific agonists or antagonists may potentially influence dysregulation and, therefore, represent new therapeutic options for the therapy of gynecological disorders.

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“…Numerous factors influence the levels of ECs and strategies should be addressed to minimize artifacts during sample collection, preparation, and analysis [23]. Other factors which have an important impact on EC concentrations in blood are race, female hormonal status during the menstrual cycle, physical exercise, and moderate alcohol intake shortly before the phlebotomy [39][40][41][42]. The impact of food intake or hedonic eating on EC blood concentrations has also been studied as well as the interrelation with obesity and energy expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Analytical and Preanalytical Challenges and Pitfalls

Lanz

Mattsson

Stickel

et al. 2018

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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Background: The endocannabinoids anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide [AEA]) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are involved in the regulation of neuronal, immune, metabolic, vascular, and reproductory functions. Methods: The development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of AEA and 2-AG in human plasma based on liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation is described and (pre)-analytical pitfalls are identified. Results: In contrast to 2-AG, AEA was unstable in whole blood and increased by a factor of 2.3 within 3 h on ice. AEA was stable in plasma on ice for 4 h while 2-AG tended to decrease. Excellent stability at room/ambient temperature was found for both derivatized compounds over 45 h. Furthermore, 3 freeze-thaw cycles revealed a complex pattern: endogenous AEA was stable in plasma but slightly increased in spiked samples (+12.8%), while endogenous 2-AG concentrations increased by 51% and declined by 24% in spiked samples. A long-term study over 4 weeks at –80°C showed that low endogenous AEA and spiked 2-AG concentrations were stable. However, spiked AEA tended to increase (+19%) and endogenous 2-AG significantly increased by 50% after 2 weeks. Food intake 2 h before blood collection showed no effect on AEA concentrations, whereas 2-AG increased significantly by a factor of 3. Conclusions: Overall, limited in vitro and/or in vivo/ex vivo chemical stability of endocannabinoids has to be taken into account.

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The relationship between plasma levels of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, sex steroids, and gonadotrophins during the menstrual cycle

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

Histomorphometric evaluation of cannabinoid receptor and anandamide modulating enzyme expression in the human endometrium through the menstrual cycle

Histomorphometric evaluation of cannabinoid receptor and anandamide modulating enzyme expression in the human endometrium through the menstrual cycle

Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases

Determination of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Analytical and Preanalytical Challenges and Pitfalls

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