The Relationship between physical activity, nutritional status, and sarcopenia in community- dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aim This study was conducted in Urumqi, Xinjiang, to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and to determine the relationship between physical activity, nutritional status, and sarcopenia among community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Four hundred eight cases of older people patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community in Urumqi, Xinjiang, from May to August 2022 were selected for a cross-sectional on-site survey, and general information questionnaires, clinical information surveys, physical function measurements, and criteria developed by the Asian sarcopenia working group in 2019 were selected for diagnosis of sarcopenia, and unifactorial and multifactorial binary Logistic regression were applied to analyze the influencing factors of T2DM combined with sarcopenia in patients with sarcopenia. Results Among the 408 patients, 84 (20.6%) had sarcopenia, with a prevalence of 12.6%, 32.1%, and 51.9% in those aged 60–70, 71– 80, and 81 or older respectively. The prevalence increased significantly with age. Adjusting for variables, the study found that FFM of the Left Leg (OR: 0.710, 95% CI: 0.612–0.804, P = 0.024), FFM of the Right Arm (OR: 0.710, 95% CI: 0.612–0.804, P < 0.001), Age (OR: 1.246, 95% CI: 1.031–1.505, P = 0.023), Fasting Blood Glucose (OR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.066–2.550, P = 0.025), and Post-Prandial Blood Glucose (OR: 1.455, 95% CI: 0.999–2.118, P = 0.025) were independent associated factors. An increase in MNA score (OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.244–0.6500, P < 0.001), ASMI (OR: 0.000, 95% CI: 0.00–0.01, P < 0.001) walking energy expenditure (MET-min) (OR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996–0.999, P = 0.001) reduced the prevalence of sarcopenia. Conclusion This study shows that increased age, increased skeletal muscle mass index, decreased right arm FFM, increased postprandial glucose, increased MNA scores, and increased walking energy expenditure (MET-min) were associated with type 2 diabetes with sarcopenia.