The Relationship Between Periodontal State and Diabetes Duration, Insulin Dosage and Retinal Changes

Glavind, Leif; Lund, Bent; Löe, Harald

doi:10.1902/jop.1968.39.6.341

Cited by 130 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…32 Sheridan et al 33 showed that pocket formation, presence of calculus, increased tooth mobility and tooth loss occurred with greater frequency in patients with a decreased glucose tolerance. A positive association between the variations in blood glucose level and the degree of periodontal disease was reported in DM 34 and our results agree with these findings. Periodontal health in diabetic patients was studied for the first time at the end of the l9th Century, but the first scientific analysis was made by Glickman, 1 who considered diabetes to be a predisposing factor for periodontal disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Smoking and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease

et al. 2002

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The periodontal health of smokers and non-smokers with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and non-smokers with periodontitis who were not suffering from a systemic disease was assessed. The investigation was carried out on 60 adult subjects. Levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined, together with the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment level. Periodontitis was more severe in smokers and non-smokers with NIDDM than non-smokers without NIDDM, and the periodontal condition (clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding) was better in non-smokers with NIDDM than smokers with NIDDM. The results suggest that diabetes and smoking are high-risk factors for periodontal disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Smoking and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease

et al. 2002

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“…Since retinopathy is usually the first organ complication associated with diabetes, patients without retinopathy are unlikely to have other complications. Glavind et al 12 reported more periodontal disease in patients with retinopathy than without, which supports our observation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of the Severity of Periodontal Disease With Organ Complications in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Karjalainen

Knuuttila

Dickhoff

1994

Journal of Periodontology

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This study examined the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and organ complications in long-term Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, taking account of the severity and concomitant existence of these complications. The population studied consisted of 26 Type 1 diabetics 26 to 34 years old, who had had diabetes for at least 10 years. Severity of periodontal disease was shown to increase with severity of organ complications. Patients with advanced complications had significantly more bleeding on probing, pockets > or = 4 mm deep, and more attachment loss than patients with incipient complications or no complications. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the existence of advanced complications was the only diabetes-related factor predicting pockets > or = 4 mm deep. Subgingival calculus, sex, and smoking were other significant variables. Retinopathy was the organ complication most suited to comparison, since it is usually the first to appear and can easily be classified from non-existent to severe. Differences in severity of periodontal disease were less obvious if metabolic balance alone was considered than between subgroups formed on the basis of the existence of advanced complications. Severity of periodontal disease and the existence of complications were more closely related to long-term glucose balance than single, most recent HbA1 values. Prevalence of pockets at sites with subgingival calculus increased with severity of complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…B. gingivalis was found in 87.5% of the samples in proportions averaging 11 % of the total cell count and as high as 25% of the total cell count. B. intermedius was found in nearly all of the samples, 93.8%, averaging 4.6% of the total cell count and up to 19%. Only two subgingival plaque samples were positive for H. actinomycetemcomitans, which was present in small numbers averaging less than 1 % of the total cell count.…”

Section: Indirect Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 94%

Microbiological and Immunological Studies of Adult Periodontitis in Patients with Noninsulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Zambon

Reynolds²,

Fisher³

et al. 1988

Journal of Periodontology

176

119

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The subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in Periodontitis patients with noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult Periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Indirect immunofluorescence for Bactewides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans was used to examine these same samples as well as 186 additional subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with moderate to severe generalized Periodontitis including 25 subjects with NIDDM, six subjects with IGT, and 16 subjects with NGT. Serum antibody levels to 13 microorganisms including seven oral bacterial species and one nonoral control species were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 377 subjects including 84 normal subjects without periodontal disease, 112 normal subjects with Periodontitis, 19 periodontally normal subjects with IGT, 65 Periodontitis patients with IGT, 15 periodontally normal subjects with NIDDM, and 82 Periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Three hundred eighty‐two bacterial isolates were recovered from the eight patients. B. intermedius was the most frequently isolated microorganism constituting 16% of the total isolates followed by Wolinella recta and B. gingivalis, which each accounted for 13% of the total. Streptococcus sanguis was the most prevalent microorganism, which was found in 75% of the sites. Subgingival plaque samples examined by immunofluorescence demonstrate a high prevalence of black‐pigmented Bacteroides and suggest that the proportion of B. gingivalis but not B. intermedius is higher in NIDDM with Periodontitis than in other groups. Serological studies of B. gingivalis from patients with NIDDM indicate that these isolates comprise a serogroup distinct from those found in adult Periodontitis patients without diabetes. Serum IgG antibody levels were significantly elevated in nondiabetic, IGT, and NIDDM patients with Periodontitis toward both B. gingivalis strains tested. Nondiabetic Periodontitis patients had significantly elevated levels of serum IgG toward B. intermedius strain 9336 while Periodontitis patients with IGT had significantly elevated antibody levels to B. intermedius strain 25261. Microbiologic and immunologic data from the present study suggests that B. intermedius. W. recta, and B. gingivalis are important in the etiology of Periodontitis in adult patients with NIDDM.

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The Relationship Between Periodontal State and Diabetes Duration, Insulin Dosage and Retinal Changes

Cited by 130 publications

References 12 publications

The Influence of Smoking and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease

The Influence of Smoking and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease

Association of the Severity of Periodontal Disease With Organ Complications in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Microbiological and Immunological Studies of Adult Periodontitis in Patients with Noninsulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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