Team identification has been researched extensively from the perspective of the consumer. The current study proposes that employees working in professional sport may also be fans of their respective teams, and provides insight on the role of team identification in the workplace environment. Over 1100 business operations employees from the top profession sports leagues in North America participated, and results indicate that dual targets of identification exist simultaneously in this setting. Strong support is provided for the discriminant validity between organizational and team identification. Beyond the more established effects of organizational identification, the results provide evidence that team identification independently predicts key outcomes such as commitment, satisfaction, and motivation. The results add to the literature by introducing the concept of a sports team as an additional target of identification in the organizational context.
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Fandom in the Workplace: Multi-Target Identification in Professional Team SportsThe concept of identifying with a collective of individuals has been widely researched in mainstream management literature. In particular, assessing the degree to which employees identify with their respective organizations has been studied for nearly three decades, with organizational identification now positioned as a key organizational construct (Ashforth, Harrison, & Corley, 2008;Riketta, 2005). An increasingly interesting aspect of organizational identification is that individuals are capable of simultaneously identifying with multiple entities of their organizational environment such as workgroups, departments, and committees, in addition to the organization as a whole (e.g., Ashforth & Johnson, 2001). These facets of an organization are referred to as "targets" or "foci", and as Ashforth et al. (2008, p. 347) suggest, "a person may be a member of an occupation, department, task force, lunch group, and so on, each of which has its own, more or less distinct identity." Distinguishing amongst these foci of identification has yielded interesting findings with respect to a variety of important work-related attitudes, and there are recommendations for more research accounting for such circumstances (e.g., Ashforth et al., 2008). It is proposed here that the team sport environment offers a rich opportunity to dissect the construct of identification for the purposes of empirically investigating the efficacy of team employees who are also fans of said team.Despite the proliferation of this research in a variety of organizational settings, there has been little to no attention paid to identification in relation to sport organizations. While the concept of identification has indeed had a major presence in the sport management literature, it has almost exclusively been studied from the consumer perspective in the form of a fan's psychological connection to a team (e.g., Wann & Branscombe, 1990). As first suggested by Todd and Kent (2009), it is thought that employees within sport may...