The Relationship Between Pediatric Combination Vaccines and Market Effects

Behzad, Banafsheh; Jacobson, Sheldon H.; Jokela, Janet A.; Sewell, Edward C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301780

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In our study, the effect of competition was more apparent among non‐price‐capped vaccines. For combination vaccines, the effect of competitive pressure is consistent with previous studies on the pricing of overlapping combination vaccines (Behzad et al, ; Behzad et al, ; Robbins et al, ). The stratified analysis demonstrates the heterogeneous effects among different groups of vaccines.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Combination vaccines also create competition among vaccines that protect against the same diseases. A few studies (Behzad, Jacobson, & Sewell, ; Behzad, Jacobson, Jokela, & Sewell, ; Robbins, Jacobson, & Sewell, ) compared relative prices among partially overlapping combination vaccines. Their analyses imply that competition between overlapping combination vaccines is important for vaccine pricing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with the pricing of childhood vaccines in the U.S. public sector

2017

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Vaccine purchase cost has grown substantially over the last few decades. A closer look at vaccine prices reveals that not all vaccines shared the same increasing pattern. Various factors, such as vaccine attributes, competition, and supply shortages, could relate to price changes. In this study, we examined whether a variety of factors influenced the prices of noninfluenza childhood vaccines purchased in the public sector from 1996 to 2014. The association differed among price-capped vaccines and combination vaccines. There was an increasing time trend in real prices for non-price-capped vaccines, which was mostly offset by the effect of market longevity. The effect of competition in lowering prices was more pronounced among non-price-capped vaccines when manufacturer and vaccine component fixed effects were excluded. Supply shortage, manufacturer name change, and number of vaccine doses in series showed no effect. The results may help policy makers better understand price behaviors and make more informed decisions in vaccine planning and financing.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the pricing of childhood vaccines in the U.S. public sector

2017

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“…A linear relationship between vaccine pricing and income is proposed to estimate reservation prices for countries where data is unavailable. Similarly to Proano et al [12], Behzad et al [23] proposes a methodology to define vaccination plans for a single buyer and period. Behzad et al [23] explores why a buyer might choose a plan that does not necessarily offer the lowest costs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout this literature review, we explore bundle pricing [16,20,21], necessity goods [17,18], and vaccine scheduling [12,14,[22][23][24]. Pricing literature offers little insight into pricing products with inelastic demand that spreads between a limited amount of complementary and substitute options.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buying vaccines through a single payment as a proxy for procuring vaccines via formularies

Alves-Maciel

2022

Preprint

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In this study, we evaluate the possibility of making vaccines more affordable without impacting profits by exploring the effects of selling vaccines as formularies or baskets of vaccines bundled in the same sale. Assuming that countries are grouped into market segments for tiered pricing purposes and are coordinated by a single decision-maker, we propose selling vaccines as formularies by changing their pricing scheme so that buyers make a single lump-sum payment to each vaccine producer for their vaccines. Results show that changing the pricing scheme can improve affordability.

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“…Behzad et al [35] examine factors that affect pediatric vaccine market share. The authors focus on the competition between Pediarix and Pentacel in the 2009-2012 timeframe.…”

Section: Analytics For Vaccine Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytics for vaccine economics and pricing: insights and observations

Robbins

Jacobson

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Pediatric immunization programs in the USA are a successful and cost-effective public health endeavor, profoundly reducing mortalities caused by infectious diseases. Two important issues relate to the success of the immunization programs, the selection of cost-effective vaccines and the appropriate pricing of vaccines. The recommended childhood immunization schedule, published annually by the CDC, continues to expand with respect to the number of injections required and the number of vaccines available for selection. The advent of new vaccines to meet the growing requirements of the schedule results: in a large, combinatorial number of possible vaccine formularies. The expansion of the schedule and the increase in the number of available vaccines constitutes a challenge for state health departments, large city immunization programs, private practices and other vaccine purchasers, as a cost-effective vaccine formulary must be selected from an increasingly large set of possible vaccine combinations to satisfy the schedule. The pediatric vaccine industry consists of a relatively small number of pharmaceutical firms engaged in the research, development, manufacture and distribution of pediatric vaccines. The number of vaccine manufacturers has dramatically decreased in the past few decades for a myriad of reasons, most notably due to low profitability. The contraction of the industry negatively impacts the reliable provision of pediatric vaccines. The determination of appropriate vaccine prices is an important issue and influences a vaccine manufacturer's decision to remain in the market. Operations research is a discipline that applies advanced analytical methods to improve decision making; analytics is the application of operations research to a particular problem using pertinent data to provide a practical result. Analytics provides a mechanism to resolve the challenges facing stakeholders in the vaccine development and delivery system, in particular, the selection of cost-effective vaccines and the appropriate pricing of vaccines. A review of applicable analytics papers is provided.

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The Relationship Between Pediatric Combination Vaccines and Market Effects

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Factors associated with the pricing of childhood vaccines in the U.S. public sector

Factors associated with the pricing of childhood vaccines in the U.S. public sector

Buying vaccines through a single payment as a proxy for procuring vaccines via formularies

Analytics for vaccine economics and pricing: insights and observations

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