The Relationship Between Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders

Jankovic, Joseph

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73899-9_8

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Dystonia was defined as 'a neurological syndrome characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned, and often repetitive muscle contraction of opposite muscles, causing twisting movements or abnormal postures during motor tasks'. 1 All children underwent brain MRI. Neurophysiological studies were performed as part of a standard clinical work-up, with detailed brain imaging, including MRI with [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission and computed tomography, and a multidisciplinary clinical assessment by a paediatric neurologist, nurse specialist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, and clinical psychologist.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But as Raymond showed last year, transition to this deteriorated state may be precipitated by accidental head trauma. 1 I must now turn to the curate's egg problem (Bishop: 'I'm afraid you've got a bad egg'. Curate: 'Oh no, I assure you parts of it are excellent!')…”

Section: New Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dystonia is defined as 'a neurological syndrome characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned, and often repetitive muscle contraction of opposite muscles, causing twisting movements or abnormal postures during motor tasks'. 1 The underlying pathophysiology of dystonia is not fully understood. Some primary dystonias in adults are characterized by reduced cortical inhibition and increased cortical plasticity using paired associated stimulation studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central motor conduction studies and diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in children with severe primary and secondary dystonia

McClelland

Mills

Siddiqui

et al. 2011

Developmental Medicine &Amp; Child Neurology

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CMCT Central motor conduction time DBS Deep brain stimulation MEP Motor-evoked potential PVL Periventricular leukomalacia AIM Dystonia in childhood has many causes. Imaging may suggest corticospinal tract dysfunction with or without coexistent basal ganglia damage. There are very few published neurophysiological studies on children with dystonia; one previous study has focused on primary dystonia. We investigated central motor conduction in 62 children (34 males, 28 females; age range 3-19y, mean age 10y 8mo, SD 4y 8mo) with severe dystonia to evaluate corticospinal tract integrity before consideration for deep brain stimulation.METHOD Distal motor and F-wave latencies were measured in the ulnar and ⁄ or posterior tibial nerves. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the motor cortex and motor-evoked potentials were recorded in the activated abductor digiti minimi and ⁄ or abductor hallucis muscles. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was calculated using the F-wave method.RESULTS CMCT was normal in 50 out of 62 patients; 12 patients showed prolonged CMCT to upper and ⁄ or lower limbs. Most children with severe primary and secondary dystonia had normal CMCT, indicating corticospinal tract integrity despite abnormal imaging in 42 out of 50 patients. Abnormal CMCT was found in two out of 12 patients with normal imaging.INTERPRETATION This study provides new CMCT data for children with severe primary and secondary dystonia. Over 50% of children with evidence of periventricular white-matter damage from magnetic resonance imaging had normal CMCT, challenging traditional pathophysiological models. This is consistent with recent diffusion tensor imaging in children with periventricular white-matter damage, showing disruption of sensory connections rather than corticospinal tract damage. CMCT helps refine our understanding of imaging changes in complex motor disorders of childhood.Dystonia is defined as 'a neurological syndrome characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned, and often repetitive muscle contraction of opposite muscles, causing twisting movements or abnormal postures during motor tasks'. 1 The underlying pathophysiology of dystonia is not fully understood. Some primary dystonias in adults are characterized by reduced cortical inhibition and increased cortical plasticity using paired associated stimulation studies. 2 However, there are very few neurophysiological studies in children with dystonia, or in patients of any age with secondary dystonia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus is now a well established management tool for both adults and children with dystonia. [3][4][5][6] Best DBS results are obtained in patients with primary generalized dystonias, in whom dramatic results have been observed, with up to 88% improvement in some children with this condition, as assessed by the Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale. 3,6,7 Reported levels of improvement with DBS in secondary dystonia vary widely between individual patients from 0 to 71%, 4,7,8 averaging arou...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central motor conduction studies and diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in children with severe primary and secondary dystonia

McClelland

Mills

Siddiqui

et al. 2011

Developmental Medicine &Amp; Child Neurology

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“…Nearly all cases become evident within 3 months of treatment initiation. 36,37 While two-thirds of all patients with drug-induced parkinsonism recover within 7 weeks of stopping the offending drug, the symptoms can persist for more than 18 months. 38 Advanced age, female sex and possibly genetic predisposition (e.g.…”

Section: Parkinsonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Insight: from disturbed motility to disordered movement—a review of the clinical benefits and medicolegal risks of metoclopramide

Pasricha

Pehlivanov

Sugumar

et al. 2006

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

148

115

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Metoclopramide, the only drug approved by the FDA for treatment of diabetic gastroparesis, but used off-label for a variety of other gastrointestinal indications, has many potentially troublesome adverse neurologic effects, particularly movement disorders. In this article, we comprehensively review the indications and side effects of metoclopramide, and describe some common pitfalls and strategies to minimize the medicolegal risks to the prescribing physician. Metoclopramide accounts for nearly a third of all drug-induced movement disorders, a common reason for a malpractice suit. The entire spectrum of drug-induced movement disorders, ranging from subtle to life-threatening, can ensue from its use; akathisia and dystonia are generally seen early in the course of metoclopramide-induced movement disorders, whereas tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism seem to be more prevalent in chronic users. Female sex, age and diabetes are the major risk factors for metoclopramide-induced movement disorders. It is therefore incumbent on gastroenterologists and other prescribing physicians to become familiar with the adverse neurologic effects associated with the use of metoclopramide, and to take appropriate preventive and defensive measures.

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“…This was excluded in our case. Other considerations, particularly in the presence of painful fixed dystonic posturing, are psychogenic dystonia and pseudodystonia [4,5]. Pseudodystonia refers to abnormal postures of body parts that are not caused by disorders of basal ganglia, e.g.…”

Section: E U R O P E a N J O U R N A L O F N E U R O L O G Y C A S E mentioning

confidence: 99%

(Pseudo)hemidystonia associated with anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies – a case report

Kenda

Kojović

Graus

et al. 2015

Euro J of Neurology

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The Relationship Between Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 174 publications

Central motor conduction studies and diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in children with severe primary and secondary dystonia

Central motor conduction studies and diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in children with severe primary and secondary dystonia

Drug Insight: from disturbed motility to disordered movement—a review of the clinical benefits and medicolegal risks of metoclopramide

(Pseudo)hemidystonia associated with anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies – a case report

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