The relationship between parental education and adolescents' soft drink intake from the age of 11–13 years, and possible mediating effects of availability and accessibility

Totland, Torunn Holm; Lien, Nanna; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Bjelland, Mona; Gebremariam, Mekdes Kebede; Klepp, Knut‐Inge; Andersen, Lene Frost

doi:10.1017/s0007114512005946

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The search output provided 8,464 studies for eligibility review after removal of duplicates, of which 8,417 studies were excluded upon review of titles and abstracts. From 47 studies eligible for the full‐text review process, 27 studies were excluded, yielding an eligible 20 studies for the final review (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies included in this review tested potential predictors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational/community levels for their mediating role in the association between SEP and dietary behaviours (Table ). Accordingly, eleven studies, seventeen studies, and three studies assessed mediators at the intrapersonal level, interpersonal level, and organizational/community level, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Children and adolescents with a lower socioeconomic position have poorer dietary behaviours compared to their counterparts with a higher socioeconomic position. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind such socioeconomic inequalities is vital to identify targets for interventions aimed at tackling these inequalities. This systematic review aimed to summarize existing evidence regarding the mediators of socioeconomic differences in dietary behaviours among youth. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases yielded 20 eligible studies. The dietary behaviours included in the reviewed studies were the intake of fruit and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, unhealthy snacks/fast food and breakfast. The consistent mediators of the effects of socioeconomic position on dietary behaviours among youth were: self-efficacy, food preferences and knowledge at the intrapersonal level; and availability and accessibility of food items at home, food rules and parental modelling at the interpersonal level. Few studies including mediators at the organisational, community or policy levels were found.Our review found several modifiable factors at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels that could be targeted in interventions aimed at combating inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth. Rigorous studies exploring organisational, community and policy level mediators are warranted.dietary behaviours, inequality, mediators, youth 1 | BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in children and adolescents' dietary behaviours have long been recognised as a public health problem. 1-6 Children and adolescents (hereafter called youth) with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) have a lower intake of fruit and vegetables (FV), 7-9 a higher intake of energy-dense food, 2,10-12 a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), 9,13 and a higher likelihood for skipping a meal 14 than their counterparts with a high SEP.Social inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth could be among the contributing factors for the continued widening of social inequalities in health outcomes including overweight/obesity. 15 Dietary behaviours established in childhood and adolescence could not only have an impact on the health of youth but can also influence adult dietary behaviours and health outcomes 16 through tracking over time 17,18 and through child morbid conditions that ultimately increase disease risk in later life. Thus, public health interventions aimed at tackling social inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth are vital. In order to inform such interventions, identifying the mechanisms explaining SEP differences in dietary intake is crucial.The social-ecological model (SEM) postulates that there are multiple levels of influence on health behaviours. 19 Accordingly, complex multilevel interacting determinants at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, institution, and macro/policy levels could influence dietary behaviours. Studies have found different correlates of dietary behaviours...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…This means that the association between SES and food habits among Norwegian adolescents might be different if the FAS were to be replaced with an indicator that taps other dimensions of the SES construct than material wealth. Soft drink consumption, for example, is associated with SES among Norwegian adolescents in studies that use parental education [29,30,69], parental occupation [28] or cultural capital [25] as indicators of SES. It is likely that soft drinks are less influenced by material wealth as it is relatively cheap compared to other food items in Norway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many schoolchildren fall short of these recommendations [19–24]. Poor diet is of particular concern with regard to adolescents living in families of low socio-economic status (SES), because adolescents of low SES eat less fruit and vegetables [20,25–28] and more sugar-added food items [24,29,30] than their high SES counterparts. Based on this background, initiatives to improve and equalize young people’s food habits receive high priority in most Western countries [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A school based study of time trends in food habits and their relation to socio-economic status among Norwegian adolescents, 2001–2009

Fismen

Smith

Torsheim

et al. 2014

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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BackgroundIn recent years, adolescents’ food habits have become a major source of concern, and substantial policy and intervention efforts have been made to influence adolescents to consume more fruit and vegetables and less sweets and soft drink. Particular attention has been devoted to the social gradient in food habits, aiming to reduce dietary inequality. However, few internationally published studies have evaluated trends in teenagers’ food habits, or investigated how dietary inequalities develop.MethodsWe used Norwegian cross-sectional data from the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, collected via three nationally representative and comparable questionnaire surveys in 2001, 2005 and 2009. Food habits were identified by students’ consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and sugar rich soft drink. Socio-economic status (SES) was measured with the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe analyses indicated an overall positive trend in food habits among adolescents in Norway. Students were more likely to consume fruit (OR 1.76, CI 1.61-1.92) and vegetables (OR 1.51, CI 1.37-1.66) daily in 2005 as compared to 2001, and were less likely to consume sweets (OR 0.58, CI 0.51-0.66 resp. OR 0.77, CI 0.67-0.90) and soft drink (OR 0.55, CI 0.49-0.62 resp. OR 0.84, CI 0.73-0.96) daily when comparing, respectively, 2005 with 2001 and 2009 with 2005. Across all survey years, students with higher SES were more likely to eat fruit (OR 1.47, CI 1.32-1.65) and vegetables (OR 1.40, CI 1.24-1.58) daily than did students with lower SES. Our analyses indicated that the socio-economic differences were stable in the period 2002 - 2010, with uniform improvement in fruit and vegetable consumption across all SES levels. No significant associations between SES and intake of sweets and sugar-added soft drink were found.ConclusionThe study identifies an overall improvement in diet among adolescents over a period characterized by onset of as well as ongoing initiatives targeting young people’s food habits. However, the observed socio-economic gradient in fruit and vegetable consumption remained unchanged.

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“…Studies among various Dutch samples have shown means of nine to ten EDSF events per week (17,18) . Children from low socio-economic backgrounds have been found to be at risk for high EDSF and EDD consumption (19,20) . Differences in intakes between boys and girls and age groups have also been investigated (12,15,21) , but results are contradictory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intake of energy-dense snack foods and drinks among Dutch children aged 7–12 years: how many, how much, when, where and which?

Gevers

Kremers

Vries

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To describe the energy-dense snack food (EDSF) and energy-dense drink (EDD) consumption of children in the Netherlands and investigate subgroup differences. The amounts consumed, eating occasions, places of consumption and consumed types are reported. Design: Twenty-four hour dietary recall data were used to describe the EDSF and EDD consumption. Subgroup differences concerning these intakes were identified with ANCOVA. Setting: Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. Subjects: Children (n 860) aged 7-12 years. Results: The mean number of EDSF events was 3·3 (SD 1·6) per day, yielding 1569·7 (SD 928·7) kJ. Average EDD consumption was 594·2 (SD 342·3) ml/d, yielding 737·2 (SD 495·9) kJ. Over 90 % of the children consumed more energy from non-core foods per day than recommended. Differences in EDSF and EDD consumption were found between several subgroups. Most importantly, we found higher intakes among older children and children with low educated mothers. Almost half of the EDSF events took place in the afternoon and at home. Cookies and sweets were consumed during half of the EDSF events. Almost one-third of the EDD were consumed in the afternoon. The majority of these drinks were consumed at home and most were soft drinks.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that snack food and drink consumption is highly prevalent among Dutch children. Health promotion efforts addressing these behaviours are warranted and the present study could accelerate these initiatives. Focusing on children with low educated parents and on snacking at home after school offers the greatest potential to reduce snack food and drink intakes.

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The relationship between parental education and adolescents' soft drink intake from the age of 11–13 years, and possible mediating effects of availability and accessibility

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth: A systematic review

Mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth: A systematic review

A school based study of time trends in food habits and their relation to socio-economic status among Norwegian adolescents, 2001–2009

Intake of energy-dense snack foods and drinks among Dutch children aged 7–12 years: how many, how much, when, where and which?

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