The Relationship Between Outdoor Air Quality and Respiratory Symptoms in Young Children

Rodríguez, Criado; Hinwood, Andrea; Tonkin, R. W.; Heyworth, Jane; Kusel, Merci; DeKlerk, Nicholas; Sly, Peter D.; Franklin, Peter; Runnion, T.; Blockley, A; Landau, Louis I.

doi:10.1097/00001648-200611001-00259

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This is not a consensual finding, and both studies reporting similar and opposite results have been published. The exposure to higher levels of outdoor pollutants in urban areas, which were associated with increased nasal symptoms and allergic rhinitis , may partially explain our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in preschool children in Portugal: a nationwide study

Morais‐Almeida

Santos

Pereira

et al. 2013

Allergy

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Background: Information on rhinitis epidemiology in preschool children is scarce. Objectives: To estimate, in children with 3-5 years of age, current rhinitis prevalence, to describe rhinitis symptoms and associated sociodemographic characteristics, and to report allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) classification. Methods: Cross-sectional, nationwide, population-based study including children aged 3-5 years. A multistep selection strategy was used to obtain a representative sample. Data were collected at kindergartens and parish centers by face-to-face interview to caregivers, using an adapted ISAAC questionnaire. 'Current rhinitis' (CR) was defined as the presence of ≥1 rhinitis symptom (repeated sneezing and/ or itchy nose, blocked nose for >1 h, or runny nose without having a cold/flu) in the last year. Rhinitis lasting ≥4 days/week and ≥4 consecutive weeks was classified as persistent. Moderate-severe disease interfered 'a moderate amount' or 'a lot' in daily activities. Results: Five thousand and eighteen children were included. CR prevalence was 43.4% [95% CI (42.0-44.8%); n = 2179] and that of physician-diagnosed rhinitis was 11.7% [95% CI (10.8-12.6%); n = 588]. Of children with CR, 67% reported blocked nose, 48% rhinorrhea, and 46% sneezing/itchy nose. Considering ARIA classification, 30% of the population had mild intermittent, 3% mild persistent, 7% moderate-severe intermittent, and 3% moderate-severe persistent rhinitis. Children with CR had more current wheezing, physician-diagnosed asthma, selfreported food allergy, and family history of allergic disease. These characteristics were also associated with persistent and moderate-severe rhinitis. Conclusions: This is the first nationwide population-based study reporting rhinitis prevalence and ARIA classification in preschool children. In this age-group, rhinitis is frequent and underdiagnosed. About 25% children with rhinitis presented moderate-severe disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in preschool children in Portugal: a nationwide study

Morais‐Almeida

Santos

Pereira

et al. 2013

Allergy

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“…Children, together with elderly, represent subpopulations particularly sensitive to the negative health effects of air pollution [ 15 ]. Their exposure to outdoor particulate matter has been associated with respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, worsening of asthma and the development of chronic bronchitis [ 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Ozone exposure may also render a number of adverse health effects in children, including shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, temporary decreases in lung function, and lower respiratory tract infections [ 8 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Children’s Health—A Call for Research on What Works to Protect Children

Sheffield

et al. 2012

IJERPH

113

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Climate change is affecting and will increasingly influence human health and wellbeing. Children are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. An extensive literature review regarding the impact of climate change on children’s health was conducted in April 2012 by searching electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, as well as relevant websites, such as IPCC and WHO. Climate change affects children’s health through increased air pollution, more weather-related disasters, more frequent and intense heat waves, decreased water quality and quantity, food shortage and greater exposure to toxicants. As a result, children experience greater risk of mental disorders, malnutrition, infectious diseases, allergic diseases and respiratory diseases. Mitigation measures like reducing carbon pollution emissions, and adaptation measures such as early warning systems and post-disaster counseling are strongly needed. Future health research directions should focus on: (1) identifying whether climate change impacts on children will be modified by gender, age and socioeconomic status; (2) refining outcome measures of children’s vulnerability to climate change; (3) projecting children’s disease burden under climate change scenarios; (4) exploring children’s disease burden related to climate change in low-income countries; and (5) identifying the most cost-effective mitigation and adaptation actions from a children’s health perspective.

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“…Particulate air pollution, mainly from vehicle exhaust, along with ozone, aggravates asthma and increases coughs and bronchitis. 36,37 Housing affordability Between 2000 and 2008, Australian house prices increased by 50% in real terms. Rental prices also increased substantially during this time, making housing affordability difficult for an increasing proportion of Australians, especially those with low incomes or living on welfare assistance.…”

Section: Traffic Congestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why sustainable population growth is a key to climate change and public health equity

Howat¹,

Stoneham²

2011

Health Promot J Aust

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Australia's population could reach 42 million by 2050. This rapid population growth, if unabated, will have significant social, public health and environmental implications. On the one hand, it is a major driver of climate change and environmental degradation; on the other it is likely to be a major contributor to growing social and health issues including a decline in quality of life for many residents. Disadvantaged and vulnerable groups will be most affected. The environmental, social and health‐related issues include: pressure on the limited arable land in Australia; increased volumes of industrial and domestic waste; inadequate essential services; traffic congestion; lack of affordable housing; declining mental health; increased obesity problems; and inadequate aged care services. Many of these factors are related to the aggravation of climate change and health inequities. It is critical that the Australian Government develops a sustainable population plan with stabilisation of population growth as an option. The plan needs to ensure adequate hospitals and healthcare services, education facilities, road infrastructure, sustainable transport options, water quality and quantity, utilities and other amenities that are already severely overburdened in Australian cities. There is a need for a guarantee that affordable housing will be available and priority be given to training young people and Indigenous people for employment. This paper presents evidence to support the need for the stabilisation of population growth as one of the most significant measures to control climate change as well as to improve public health equity. So what? Evidence in support of stabilising population growth will help inform the development of appropriate policies that should help Australia meet its climate change targets, and ultimately benefit vulnerable members of our community.

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The Relationship Between Outdoor Air Quality and Respiratory Symptoms in Young Children

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in preschool children in Portugal: a nationwide study

Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in preschool children in Portugal: a nationwide study

Climate Change and Children’s Health—A Call for Research on What Works to Protect Children

Why sustainable population growth is a key to climate change and public health equity

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