The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity: A new perspective on the pathogenesis in terms of organ crosstalk

Kuvat, Nuray; Tanrıverdi, Hakan; Armutçu, Ferah

doi:10.1111/crj.13175

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The interaction between OSAS and obesity is very complex, and their coexistence may negatively influence the severity of both conditions, creating an interleaved vicious cycles. Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic affection, and gut microbiota have a synergistic role in determining the pathogenesis of these two diseases [116].…”

Section: Obesity and Osas: A Bidirectional Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link?

et al. 2021

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Prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing, reaching worldwide levels of 5.6% in girls and of 7.8% in boys. Several evidences showed that obesity is a major preventable risk factor and disease modifier of some respiratory conditions such as asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Co-occurrence of asthma and obesity may be due to common pathogenetic factors including exposure to air pollutants and tobacco smoking, Western diet, and low Vitamin D levels. Lung growth and dysanapsis phenomenon in asthmatic obese children play a role in impaired respiratory function which appears to be different than in adults. Genes involved in both asthma and obesity have been identified, though a gene-by-environment interaction has not been properly investigated yet. The identification of modifiable environmental factors influencing gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may change the natural history of both diseases. Another important pediatric respiratory condition associated with obesity is Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB), especially Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). OSAS and obesity are linked by a bidirectional causality, where the effects of one affect the other. The factors most involved in the association between OSAS and obesity are oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota. In OSAS pathogenesis, obesity’s role appears to be mainly due to mechanical factors leading to an increase of respiratory work at night-time. However, a causal link between obesity-related inflammatory state and OSAS pathogenesis still needs to be properly confirmed. To prevent obesity and its complications, family education and precocious lifestyle changes are critical. A healthy diet may lead to an improved quality of life in obese children suffering from respiratory diseases. The present review aimed to investigate the links between obesity, asthma and OSAS, focusing on the available evidence and looking for future research fields.

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Section: Obesity and Osas: A Bidirectional Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link?

et al. 2021

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“…Abdominal pressure is increased due to visceral fat accumulation. OSAS is believed to contribute to weight gain, while obesity also leads to OSAS [71]. OSAS is strongly associated with metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, NAFLD, and obesity which represent high-risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, and coronary heart disease [8, 72].…”

Section: Ohs and Osas – The Obvious Obesity-associated Lung Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and the Lung: What We Know Today

et al. 2020

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Obesity is becoming more and more prevalent especially in Western industrial nations. The understanding of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ as well as the detection of adipocytokines – hormones that are secreted from the adipose tissue – gave reason to examine the interactions between adipose tissue and target organs. These efforts have been intensified especially in the context of bariatric surgery as promising weight loss therapy. Interactions between the lung and adipose tissue have rarely been investigated and are not well understood. There are obvious mechanical effects of obesity on lung function explaining the associations between obesity and lung diseases, in particular obesity hypoventilation syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The rise in the prevalence of obesity affects the epidemiology of pulmonary diseases as well. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on interactions, associations, and consequences of obesity and weight loss on lung function and lung diseases. Based on these data, areas for future research are identified.

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“…Folglich ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass adipöse Patienten eine hohe Rate (40-90 %) an OSAS aufweisen. Weiterhin geht man davon aus, dass das OSAS selbst ein möglicher Faktor für eine Gewichtszunahme ist [46].…”

Section: Obstruktive Schlafapnoeunclassified

Metabolische Chirurgie, mehr als nur Typ-2-Diabetes

Rühle

Boskovic

Billeter

et al. 2020

Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie

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ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenzen von Adipositas und metabolischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (DM2), Nicht-alkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD), arterieller Hypertonie (aHT) oder Obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSAS) steigen. Die Adipositas-Chirurgie ist nicht nur hinsichtlich des Gewichtsverlustes der konservativen Therapie überlegen, sondern zeigt ebenfalls positive Effekte auf metabolische Erkrankungen. Die meisten Daten finden sich für den DM2, hier kommt es unabhängig vom Gewichtsverlust zu einer besseren glykämischen Kontrolle, Verbesserung mikro- und makrovaskulärer Komplikationen wie der diabetischen Nephropathie oder Polyneuropathie und Reduktion der Mortalität. Bei Patienten mit NAFLD zeigen sich sowohl laborchemisch als auch histologisch Befundverbesserungen bis hin zur Regredienz fibrotischer Veränderungen. Die antihypertensive Medikation kann nach metabolischem Eingriff nachhaltig reduziert oder gar sistiert werden, gleiches gilt für die medikamentöse Therapie der Dyslipidämie. Patienten mit diabetischer Nephropathie oder auch Adipositas-assoziierter Albuminurie profitieren von einer Erholung der Nierenfunktion und Reduktion der Dialysepflichtigkeit. Auch das OSAS, eine häufige Erkrankung adipöser Patienten mit Erhöhung des kardiovaskulären Risikos, zeigt postoperativ eine Befundverbesserung. Diese beginnt sogar schon bevor es zu einem relevanten Gewichtsverlust kommt, welcher zusätzlich die Atemmechanik erleichtert.Interessanterweise zeigen sich die beschriebenen Effekte nicht nur bei adipösen, sondern auch bei normalgewichtigen Patienten. Der DM2 stellt daher bereits in bestimmten Fällen beim normalgewichtigen Patienten eine Indikation zur metabolischen Chirurgie dar. Eine Anpassung der Leitlinien hinsichtlich anderer metabolischer Erkrankungen steht trotz zunehmender hochklassiger Evidenz diesbezüglich noch aus.

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The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity: A new perspective on the pathogenesis in terms of organ crosstalk

Cited by 82 publications

References 87 publications

Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link?

Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link?

Obesity and the Lung: What We Know Today

Metabolische Chirurgie, mehr als nur Typ-2-Diabetes

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