The relationship between nicotine and psychosis

Quigley, Harriet; MacCabe, James H.

doi:10.1177/2045125319859969

Cited by 65 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Further, within the psychopathology domain, smoking, gambling, and alcohol were well-clustered items, the comorbidity between the addictions being well-documented [ 37 – 39 ]. Smoking was further associated with psychosis, in line with evidence that smoking is common in psychotic disorders [ 40 ]. In addition, interestingly, the psychosis item was the only psychopathological item that fell in between the two domains of the network, being connected to psychopathology, but also to the chronic conditions through its association with migraine headaches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Extended network analysis: from psychopathology to chronic illness

et al. 2021

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Background Understanding complex associations between psychopathology and chronic illness is instrumental in facilitating both research and treatment progress. The current study is the first and only network-based study to provide such an encompassing view of unique associations between a multitude of mental and physical health-related domains. Methods The current analyses were based on the Singapore Mental Health Study, a cross-sectional study of adult Singapore residents. The study sample consisted of 6616 respondents, of which 49.8% were male and 50.2% female. A network structure was constructed to examine associations between psychopathology, alcohol use, gambling, major chronic conditions, and functioning. Results The network structure identified what we have labeled a Cartesian graph: a network visibly split into a psychopathological domain and a physical health domain. The borders between these domains were fuzzy and bridged by various cross-domain associations, with functioning items playing an important role in bridging chronic conditions to psychopathology. Conclusions Current results deliver a comprehensive overview of the complex relation between psychopathology, functioning, and chronic illness, highlighting potential pathways to comorbidity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Extended network analysis: from psychopathology to chronic illness

et al. 2021

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“…The action of nicotine on nAChR could underlie a mechanism by which smoking causally influences mental health. Chronic exposure to nicotine may result in long-lasting alterations of dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways, leading to an increase in risk of psychiatric disorders 60 – 62 . Beyond nicotine, other toxic compounds released during combustion of tobacco cause neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress 63 , factors that are associated with psychiatric disorders 64 – 66 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Barkhuizen

Dudbridge

Ronald

2021

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoking is a modifiable behaviour associated with mental health. We investigated the degree of genetic overlap between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders, and whether genetic associations exist beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Second, we investigated the presence of causal associations between smoking initiation and psychiatric traits and disorders. We found significant genetic correlations between smoking and psychiatric disorders and adult psychotic experiences. When genetic influences on known covariates were controlled for, genetic associations between most smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depression endured (but not with bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences). Mendelian randomization results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences, although not consistently across all sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, smoking and psychiatric disorders share genetic influences that cannot be attributed to covariates such as risk-taking, insomnia or other substance use. As such, there may be some common genetic pathways underlying smoking and psychiatric disorders. In addition, smoking may play a causal role in vulnerability for mental illness.

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“…The effects are not limited to inhalation of chemicals in tobacco smoke, as there is also evidence for a modest association between non-affective psychosis and ‘snus’ (a smokeless tobacco product) ( Munafò et al, 2016 ). The association has generally been attributed to self-medication and reverse causation ( Quigley and MacCabe, 2019 ). Although this may be true for some individuals, it cannot fully explain the association, and there are a number of alternative biological and genetic explanations ( Quigley and MacCabe, 2019 ).…”

Section: Emerging Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Their Relationship to Genetic Risk: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Robinson

Bergen

2021

Front. Genet.

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Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric disorders which result from complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. It is well-established that they are highly heritable disorders, and considerable progress has been made identifying their shared and distinct genetic risk factors. However, the 15–40% of risk that is derived from environmental sources is less definitively known. Environmental factors that have been repeatedly investigated and often associated with SZ include: obstetric complications, infections, winter or spring birth, migration, urban living, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. There is evidence that childhood adversity and some types of infections are also associated with BD. Evidence for other risk factors in BD is weaker due to fewer studies and often smaller sample sizes. Relatively few environmental exposures have ever been examined for SZ or BD, and additional ones likely remain to be discovered. A complete picture of how genetic and environmental risk factors confer risk for these disorders requires an understanding of how they interact. Early gene-by-environment interaction studies for both SZ and BD often involved candidate genes and were underpowered. Larger samples with genome-wide data and polygenic risk scores now offer enhanced prospects to reveal genetic interactions with environmental exposures that contribute to risk for these disorders. Overall, although some environmental risk factors have been identified for SZ, few have been for BD, and the extent to which these account for the total risk from environmental sources remains unknown. For both disorders, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors are also not well understood and merit further investigation. Questions remain regarding the mechanisms by which risk factors exert their effects, and the ways in which environmental factors differ by sex. Concurrent investigations of environmental and genetic risk factors in SZ and BD are needed as we work toward a more comprehensive understanding of the ways in which these disorders arise.

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The relationship between nicotine and psychosis

Cited by 65 publications

References 130 publications

Extended network analysis: from psychopathology to chronic illness

Extended network analysis: from psychopathology to chronic illness

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Their Relationship to Genetic Risk: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

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