The Relationship between Muscle Activity and Muscle Grade of the Trunk Flexors Using Manual Muscle Testing with Electromyography

Kasahara, Satoshi; Ishigaki, Tomonobu; Torii, Yusuke

doi:10.1589/jpts.22.123

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Following the protocol of our previous study 27) , subjects performed both the CU and DLL tests. Briefly, subjects were asked to lie in a supine position with their knees extended during the CU test 15) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all tasks, the examiner measured and monitored all trunk and leg angles both before and after sEMG recording. As in our previous study 27) , we didn't examine the "Poor", "Trace" and "Zero" tests in the DLL test. Before performing the tests, the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) was measured three times for five seconds each while the subjects were in the supine position pushing against manual resistance applied to their shoulders by an examiner 27) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sEMG electrodes were placed above the URA and LRA as described in our previous study 27) . The placement of electrodes varied slightly according to the shape of the subject's body.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All sEMG data were collected using a Noraxon MyoSystem 1200 (Noraxon USA Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, USA) 27) . The sEMG signals were band-pass filtered from 10 to 500 Hz using first-order high pass and fourth-order low-pass Butterworth filters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplitudes were then normalized to the amplitudes obtained during MVC for each subject and the value was expressed as a percentage of MVC (%MVC). To examine the activity change of the URA and the LRA, the %MVC ratio (i.e., the ratio = the URA %MVC / the LRA %MVC) between the two tests was calculated for each muscle grade 27) . Our previous study 27) and Shields and Heiss 28) suggested that the reliability of these tests ranges from good to excellent exertion levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in the Curl-up and the Double-leg-lower Tests

et al. 2011

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Abstract.[Purpose] The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate gender differences in trunk muscle strength and activity and to verify the two proposed fi eld tests for screening the muscle strength of trunk flexors by use of surface EMG (sEMG). [Subjects and Methods] Fifty-four healthy young volunteers participated in this study and RA strength was evaluated using the curl-up (CU) and doubleleg-lower (DLL) tests. All muscle activity that occurred in the upper and lower RA sites during the two tests was recorded using sEMG. The sEMG data were then normalized using the maximum voluntary contraction. To investigate the validity of the two tests, the ratio of muscle activity between the upper and lower RA sites was calculated.[Results] The reliability of the CU and the DLL tests were estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the values ranged from 0.84-0.96 and 0.93-0.98, respectively. Muscle activity was signifi cantly higher in females than in males in all tests except one of the DLL tests. The activity ratio with respect to each muscle grade was constant between the CU and the DLL tests. [Conclusion] Our results indicate that trunk muscle activity is affected by gender, and the tests should be selected according to purpose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sEMG electrodes were placed above the URA and LRA as described in our previous study 27) . The placement of electrodes varied slightly according to the shape of the subject's body.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in the Curl-up and the Double-leg-lower Tests

et al. 2011

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A FSR Sensor Cuff to Measure Muscle Activation During Strength and Gait Cycle for Lower Limb

2022

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The assessment techniques used for people who experience muscular issues, regardless of the cause, are crucial to resolve the issue and fill the gap left by the deficiency in their muscles. The amputees' demands in their rehabilitation process are made more evident by evaluating the residual limb muscles. The time-varying muscle activity of the amputees weakens the efficiency of using these fixed positions inside the socket, which leads to a great challenge for them to continue using the prosthesis in this case. Depending on the daily motion activity or routine of the amputees, a change in the level of muscle activation may occur because every motion activity has its dynamic that depends on muscle activity. For this purpose, a new reliable cuff system using a simple, non-invasive sensor based on a force-sensitive resistor (FSR) which can measure muscle contraction, is presented in this study. The cuff system was designed by Autodesk Inventor software and used Cura for slicing functions. This design was printed by Creator-Pro 3D printer as an FDM type. The cuff includes 8 FSR sensors printed with TPU and APL for the cube. Applying FSRs on the skin senses the mechanical force exerted by the underlying contracting muscles. Regarding FSR signals and data collection and display, Datastreamer by Microsoft Excel was used for this purpose. Five male non-amputee subjects were involved in this study to do two activities (strength muscles and gait cycle). Each activity was subjected to two tests, the first conducted above the knee, while test 2 was below the knee. Rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were targeted as a positioning reference for above and below the knee tests, respectively. Through the experiments, there was no complaint from the subjects about the surface of the cuff touching the skin. Still, the issue revolved around the tightness of the cuff, especially at the aboveknee level for both activities. As thigh circumference, the cuff stretching efficiency was achieved over maximum stretch capability at 63 cm. After more than 50 trials with the two activities mentioned above, there was no change in the cuff dimensions either for maximum or minimum size, i.e., without stretching occurring. F1-all individuals for both activities displayed no appreciable signal variations and began with high levels of values, according to the signals data. That results from the tightness of the cuff on the limb. As a result of its site being unfavorable to any muscle activity, F2 presented poor signals in both activities for all participants. The cuff size needs to be reevaluated to prevent the problem of cuff tightness. The findings of the trials generally demonstrated the muscles' active locations and the change of activity taking place in those positions. On the other hand, the findings of the experiments also presented the inactive positions.

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Abdominal muscle activation: An EMG study of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

Chan

Hamid

Nadzalan

et al. 2020

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Background:Sahrmann five-level core stability test protocol has been used to evaluate the ability of the core muscles to stabilize the spine. However, validation studies on the Sahrmann protocol are limited. Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the different levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability (levels 1–5) on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO). Methods:Twenty-two asymptomatic male participants aged 21.3[Formula: see text].59 years were recruited. Participants were instructed to perform maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test guided with a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). The surface electromyography (EMG) data of each muscle during five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test were normalized as a percentage of MVC. Results:Results showed significant differences in the normalized EMGs of RA [[Formula: see text](4) = 64.80, [Formula: see text].001], EO [[Formula: see text](4) = 58.11, [Formula: see text].001], and TrA/IO [[Formula: see text](4) = 56.00, [Formula: see text].001] between the five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test. Post-hoc analysis revealed Sahrmann levels 5 and 3 have significantly higher abdominal EMG signals than levels 4, 2, and 1 ([Formula: see text].001). Conclusion:In conclusion, the Sahrmann five-level core stability test differs according to the level of Sahrmann tests. Significantly higher abdominal muscle activities were observed during levels 3 and 5. Therefore, the classification exchange in levels 3 and 4 of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test should be reconsidered in the future.

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The Relationship between Muscle Activity and Muscle Grade of the Trunk Flexors Using Manual Muscle Testing with Electromyography

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Gender Differences in the Curl-up and the Double-leg-lower Tests

Gender Differences in the Curl-up and the Double-leg-lower Tests

A FSR Sensor Cuff to Measure Muscle Activation During Strength and Gait Cycle for Lower Limb

Abdominal muscle activation: An EMG study of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

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