The Relationship Between Mindfulness, Depressive Symptoms, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Amongst Adolescents

Heath, Nancy L.; Carsley, Dana; Riggi, Melissa E. De; Mills, Devin J.; Mettler, Jessica

doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1162243

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Finally, mindfulness did not significantly moderate any paths of either the anxiety or depressive symptom model. Mindfulness refers to an awareness of, but a distancing from, but not resisting or avoiding, one's distressful thoughts and feelings , and has demonstrated clinical utility in addressing anxiety and depression ; as such, our findings seem contradictory to emerging literature suggesting that mindfulness is therapeutically beneficial across an array of mental health outcomes (Chiesa & Serretti, 2011), including NSSI and suicidal behavior (Heath, Carsley, De Riggi, Mills, & Mettler, 2016;Luoma & Villatte, 2012). One reason for the non-significance of our mindfulness-based findings may be due to the differences between mindfulness and the other sub-components of self-compassion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Self-Compassion

Kaniuka

Kelliher-Rabon

Chang

et al. 2019

Journal of College Student Psychotherapy

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Young adults of college age are at particular risk for psychopathology, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and consequent suicidal behavior, perhaps in a continuum of increasing severity. However, not all persons who experience psychopathological symptoms, or who self-harm, go on to engage in suicidal behavior, perhaps due to protective factors such as self-compassion that buffer this progression. We examined the mediating effect of NSSI on the relation between anxiety/depressive symptoms and suicide risk, and the moderating role of self-compassion on these linkages. Our collegiate sample (N=338) completed: Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Self-Harm Inventory, Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Students with greater psychopathology reported more engagement in NSSI and, consequently, more suicide risk; self-compassion weakened the psychopathology-NSSI linkage. Therapeutically addressing risk factors for suicidal behavior (e.g., psychopathology, NSSI), and promoting self-compassion, may halt progression from symptomology to self-harm, thereby ultimately reducing suicide risk in college students. Prevalence of Suicide and Suicide-Related Behavior Over 800,000 individuals die by suicide worldwide each year, making it the 15 th leading cause of death across age groups and the 2 nd leading cause of death among individuals 15-29 years old (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). In the United States, suicide is the 10 th leading cause of death and the 2 nd leading cause of death in young adults aged 15 to 24 years old, with an individual dying by suicide every 13 minutes (CDC, 2015). Suicide rates continue to rise, both nationally and globally (WHO, 2015; Xu et al., 2014); however, these rates of suicide may be underestimated, reported as accidents or homicides, given the social stigma often surrounding suicide (Timmermans, 2005). Even more common than death by suicide is suicide-related behavior, including suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and it is estimated that, in the United States, there are as many as 25 suicide attempts for each death by suicide (Crosby, Han, Ortega, Parks, & Gfroerer, 2011). Prevalence of suicide attempts worldwide is 0.4%, or approximately 20 attempts for every death by suicide (WHO, 2015). Terminologically, suicide-related behavior (Silverman, Berman, Sanddal, O'Carroll, & Joiner, 2007) encompasses a continuum, ranging from suicidal ideation, or thoughts of suicide, to planning for suicide and, last, suicide attempts and death by suicide (Kachur, Potter, Powell, & Rosenberg, 1995). Suicidal ideation is defined as thoughts about killing oneself (e.g., "I wish I were dead"), and can include thoughts about a plan for suicide (i.e., the means one would use). A suicide attempt is defined as intentional self-inflicted injury performed to result in death, which differs from a death by suicide in that the individual does not end their life, as an attempt may or may not result in injury (Kazdin, 2000; Nock & Kessler, 2006). These behaviors decr...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Self-Compassion

Kaniuka

Kelliher-Rabon

Chang

et al. 2019

Journal of College Student Psychotherapy

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“…One consistent finding within the literature on NSSI among adolescents has been the association between depressive symptoms and NSSI (Heath et al, 2016;Marshall et al, 2013;You and Leung, 2012), particularly among adolescents in clinical settings (Burke et al, 2015;Tuisku et al, 2012). Burke et al (2015) followed 110 adolescents from the US who are at risk for onset of bipolar disorder for 6-months and found that NSSI co-occur with higher levels of depressive symptoms and interpersonal stressful life events at baseline and follow-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Findings from community and inpatient mental health settings in Ontario, Canada

Baiden

Stewart

Fallon

2017

Psychiatry Research

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Although bullying victimization has been linked to a number of behavioral and emotional problems among adolescents, few studies have investigate the mechanism through which bullying victimization affect non-suicidal self-injury. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Data for this study came from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 1650 adolescents aged 12-18 years (M =14.56; SD =1.79; 54.2% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to identify the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury. Of the 1650 adolescents studied, 611 representing 37% engaged in non-suicidal self-injury and 26.7% were victims of bullying. The effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury was partially mediated by depressive symptoms after adjusting for the effect of demographic characteristics, history of childhood abuse, social support, and mental health diagnoses. The contribution of bullying victimization and depression to non-suicidal self-injury adds to the case for the development of trauma-focused interventions in reducing the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents.

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“…Individuals with a history of NSSI but none in the past year also report greater acceptance of emotions than those currently engaging in NSSI (Anderson & Crowther, 2012). Further, mindfulness has been shown to partially mediate the relationship between depression and NSSI, highlighting its protective role (Heath, Carsley, De Riggi, Mills, & Mettler, 2016). When NSSI serves the avoidant function of relieving affect perceived as intolerable, fostering mindful awareness of emotion may reduce reliance on this behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional analysis of two transdiagnostic, emotion-focused interventions on nonsuicidal self-injury.

Bentley

Nock

Sauer‐Zavala

et al. 2017

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and associated with clinically significant consequences. Developing time-efficient and cost-effective interventions for NSSI has proven difficult given that the critical components for NSSI treatment remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the specific effects of mindful emotion awareness training and cognitive reappraisal, two transdiagnostic treatment strategies that purportedly address the functional processes thought to maintain self-injurious behavior, on NSSI urges and acts. Method Using a counterbalanced, combined series (multiple baseline and data-driven phase change) aggregated single-case experimental design, the unique and combined impact of these two four-week interventions was evaluated among ten diagnostically heterogeneous self-injuring adults. Ecological momentary assessment was used to provide daily ratings of NSSI urges and acts during all study phases. Results Eight of 10 participants demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in NSSI; six participants responded to one intervention alone, whereas two participants responded after the addition of the alternative intervention. Group analyses indicated statistically significant overall effects of study phase on NSSI, with fewer NSSI urges and acts occurring after the interventions were introduced. The interventions were also associated with moderate to large reductions in self-reported levels of anxiety and depression, and large improvements in mindful emotion awareness and cognitive reappraisal skills. Conclusions Findings suggest that brief mindful emotion awareness and cognitive reappraisal interventions can lead to reductions in NSSI urges and acts. Transdiagnostic, emotion-focused therapeutic strategies delivered in time-limited formats may serve as practical yet powerful treatment approaches, especially for lower-risk self-injuring individuals.

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The Relationship Between Mindfulness, Depressive Symptoms, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Amongst Adolescents

Cited by 43 publications

References 70 publications

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Self-Compassion

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Self-Compassion

The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Findings from community and inpatient mental health settings in Ontario, Canada

A functional analysis of two transdiagnostic, emotion-focused interventions on nonsuicidal self-injury.

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