The relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties in friction stir lap welding of titanium alloy

Zhang, Zhao; Tan, Zhengquan; Wang, Y.F.; Ren, Daxin; Li, J.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.127251

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The volume fraction of β phase selected in experiment in 10 K /s cooling rate is compared with the simulation result. The comparison with experimental data on grain morphologies and volume fraction 20,56 reveals the validity of the proposed model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The volume fraction of b phase selected in experiment in 10 K /s cooling rate is compared with the simulation result. The comparison with experimental data on grain morphologies and volume fraction 20,56 reveals the validity of the proposed model. After the validation of the proposed grain growth and phase transformation models, the temperature variations of FSAM are calculated from the thermomechanically coupled model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been invented for more than three decades and quickly applied to the joining of many materials, [1][2][3][4][5] for example, aluminum alloys, [6][7][8][9][10][11] magnesium alloys, [11][12][13] steels, [14][15][16][17] titanium alloys, [18][19][20] and even dissimilar metals. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Based on FSW, different new processing technologies are developed, including friction stir processing, 27 friction stir spot welding, 28,29 friction stir additive manufacturing, [30][31][32] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The simulation of microstructural evolutions in friction stir additive manufacturing

Zhang

Zhou

Tan

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Both recrystallization and solid state phase transformation take key role for the determination of final mechanical properties in friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) of titanium alloy. Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the microstructural changes and a two scale strategy is used to simulate both the recrystallization and the solid state phase transformation in FSAM of duplex titanium alloy. Results indicate that the selection of the building direction can lead to different temperature variations in FSAM due to the different heat accumulations. Lower temperature leads to lower cooling rate in FSAM. This is the reason that the volume fraction of α phase is decreased when the process temperature is decreased. Higher temperature leads to the formation of bigger grains when the rotating speed is increased or the transverse speed is decreased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The simulation of microstructural evolutions in friction stir additive manufacturing

Zhang

Zhou

Tan

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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“…During the manufacturing processes of aerospace structures, all types of materials require welding and joining at the highest quality possible. Friction stir welding (FSW) has been proven to satisfy the required quality of welding different types of materials, especially those with low-softening-temperature alloys [15][16][17][18][19][20], and is relatively applied in high-softening-temperature materials such as titanium alloys [21][22][23][24][25] and steel alloys [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. This is mainly because the available tool materials can be used satisfactorily to produce very long-distance joints without any significant degradation [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2023

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The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process as a relatively new solid-state welding technology in the aerospace industry has pushed forward several developments in different related aspects of this strategic industry. In terms of the FSW process itself, due to the geometric limitations involved in the conventional FSW process, many variants have been required over time to suit the different types of geometries and structures, which has resulted in the development of numerous variants such as refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW), and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). In terms of FSW machines, significant development has occurred in the new design and adaptation of the existing machining equipment through the use of their structures or the new and specially designed FSW heads. In terms of the most used materials in the aerospace industry, there has been development of new high strength-to-weight ratios such as the 3rd generation aluminum–lithium alloys that have become successfully weldable by FSW with fewer welding defects and a significant improvement in the weld quality and geometric accuracy. The purpose of this article is to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the application of the FSW process to join materials used in the aerospace industry and to identify gaps in the state of the art. This work describes the fundamental techniques and tools necessary to make soundly welded joints. Typical applications of FSW processes are surveyed, including friction stir spot welding, RFSSW, SSFSW, BTFSW, and underwater FSW. Conclusions and suggestions for future development are proposed.

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“…Numerical simulation is an efficient tool for unravelling the process-structure-property relationship [31][32][33][34][35]. In simulations of temperature distribution during FSW of Al 6061 and AZ31 Mg [36], the maximum temperature on the advancing side (Al) is markedly higher than that on the retreating side (Mg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subregion Based Prediction of Residual States in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Metals

Zhang,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

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Mechanical property changes in friction stir welding can directly affect the rebalance of the stress field in friction stir welding. This means that it reveals a high relevance with the residual states of friction stir welding. Here, we propose a subregion model in which the mechanical property changes are considered to predict the residual states in friction stir welding of dissimilar metals. Results indicate that the accuracy of the predicted distortion can be greatly increased when the different mechanical properties are considered in friction stir welding of 2024-T3 and 6061-T6. The final mechanical property is determined by the mixture of the materials at retreating and advancing sides. The final mechanical property in the stirring zone can be increased to 171 MPa for yield strength and 194 MPa for tensile strength when the strength of the advancing side material is higher. The shrinkage of material in the stirring zone during the cooling stage is the key reason for the formation of the tensile residual stress and the V-shape distortion on the cross-section in the as-weld state.

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The relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties in friction stir lap welding of titanium alloy

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

The simulation of microstructural evolutions in friction stir additive manufacturing

The simulation of microstructural evolutions in friction stir additive manufacturing

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

Subregion Based Prediction of Residual States in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Metals

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