The Relationship between Kynurenine, Catecholamines, and Arterial Hypertension in Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Martinsons, Agris; Rudzite, Vera; Jurika, Edite; Silava, Anita

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0381-7_64

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The involvement of KYN in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis has also been discussed [ 75 , 76 ]. In an animal model of crescentic glomerulonephritis and nephrotoxic serum nephritis, Hou et al observed an increased IDO activity (by the KYN/Trp ratio) in serum and renal tissue and upregulated IDO gene expression in glomeruli and tubular epithelial cells [ 77 ].…”

Section: Kidney Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases

Zakrocka

Załuska

2021

Pharmacol. Rep

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Kidney diseases have become one of the most common health care problems. Due to a growing number of advanced aged patients with concomitant disorders the prevalence of these diseases will increase over the coming decades. Despite available laboratory tests, accurate and rapid diagnosis of renal dysfunction has yet to be realized, and prognosis is uncertain. Moreover, data on diagnostic and prognostic markers in kidney diseases are lacking. The kynurenine (KYN) pathway is one of the routes of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with biologically active substances presenting ambiguous properties. The KYN pathway is known to be highly dependent on immunological system activity. As the kidneys are one of the main organs involved in the formation, degradation and excretion of Trp end products, pathologies involving the kidneys result in KYN pathway activity disturbances. This review aims to summarize changes in the KYN pathway observed in the most common kidney disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a special focus on diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis and kidney graft function monitoring. Additionally, the importance of KYN pathway activity in kidney cancer pathogenesis is discussed, as are available pharmacological agents affecting KYN pathway activity in the kidney. Despite limited clinical data, the KYN pathway appears to be a promising target in the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases. Modulation of KYN pathway activity by pharmacological agents should be considered in the treatment of kidney diseases.

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Section: Kidney Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases

Zakrocka

Załuska

2021

Pharmacol. Rep

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“…Its relevance can be viewed under pathological conditions [86, 134, 135, 189, 191–194]. Table 4 summarizes changes in the KP metabolites found in different neuropathologies.…”

Section: Kynurenines Disturbances In Aging and Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kynurenines with Neuroactive and Redox Properties: Relevance to Aging and Brain Diseases

Ocampo

Huitrón

González-Esquivel

et al. 2014

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

103

119

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The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main route of tryptophan degradation whose final product is NAD+. The metabolism of tryptophan can be altered in ageing and with neurodegenerative process, leading to decreased biosynthesis of nicotinamide. This fact is very relevant considering that tryptophan is the major source of body stores of the nicotinamide-containing NAD+ coenzymes, which is involved in almost all the bioenergetic and biosynthetic metabolism. Recently, it has been proposed that endogenous tryptophan and its metabolites can interact and/or produce reactive oxygen species in tissues and cells. This subject is of great importance due to the fact that oxidative stress, alterations in KP metabolites, energetic deficit, cell death, and inflammatory events may converge each other to enter into a feedback cycle where each one depends on the other to exert synergistic actions among them. It is worth mentioning that all these factors have been described in aging and in neurodegenerative processes; however, has so far no one established any direct link between alterations in KP and these factors. In this review, we describe each kynurenine remarking their redox properties, their effects in experimental models, their alterations in the aging process.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] Furthermore, several cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, smoking, and aging lead to the overactivation of kynurenine pathway. [16][17][18][19][20] Moreover, higher levels of kynurenine and its metabolites are found in other diseases such as cancer, CKD, cirrhosis, diabetes, and depression that are known for their cardiovascular complications. 10,[21][22][23] Regarding these findings, a deep insight into the involvement of kynurenine pathway in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases can help expand its clinical application and improve the management of cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases

Ala

Eftekhar

2022

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan metabolism and produces several metabolites with various biologic properties. It has been uncovered that several cardiovascular diseases are associated with the overactivation of kynurenine pathway and kynurenine and its metabolites have diagnostic and prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it was found that several kynurenine metabolites can differently affect cardiovascular health. For instance, preclinical studies have shown that kynurenine, xanthurenic acid and cis-WOOH decrease blood pressure; kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid prevent atherosclerosis; kynurenic acid supplementation and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) inhibition improve the outcome of stroke. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overactivity and increased kynurenine levels improve cardiac and vascular transplantation outcomes, whereas exacerbating the outcome of myocardial ischemia, post-ischemic myocardial remodeling, and abdominal aorta aneurysm. IDO inhibition and KMO inhibition are also protective against viral myocarditis. In addition, dysregulation of kynurenine pathway is observed in several conditions such as senescence, depression, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cirrhosis, and cancer closely connected to cardiovascular dysfunction. It is worth defining the exact effect of each metabolite of kynurenine pathway on cardiovascular health. This narrative review is the first review that separately discusses the involvement of kynurenine pathway in different cardiovascular diseases and dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms.

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The Relationship between Kynurenine, Catecholamines, and Arterial Hypertension in Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases

Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases

Kynurenines with Neuroactive and Redox Properties: Relevance to Aging and Brain Diseases

The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases

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