“…In 1991, a revised lifting equation was developed with more number of lifting parameters (Waters et al, 1993). In Europe and North America, this NIOSH equation is well established, but the applicability of NIOSH equation across different countries is under question (Zhu and Zhang, 1990;Evans, 1990;Lee et al, 1995;Wu, 1997). In fact, manual handling problem is more severe in developing and underdeveloped countries.…”