The relationship between iodine intake and the risk of thyroid cancer

Cao, Lingzhi; Peng, Xian; Xie, Jianping; Yang, Fanhui; Wen, Hu‐Ling; Li, Suping

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000006734

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In some situations, iodine can have an antioxidant power 3 times that of vitamin C, one of the most important exogenous antioxidants. Therefore, any iodine deficiency will lead directly to the decrease or loss of its antioxidant capacity, especially in tissues rich in iodine (placenta, gastric mucosa, breast tissue) (35)(36)(37) Predictors of mortality in the HM The present study in agreement with the literature, recognized the incidence of HM, the bacteremia (18)…”

Section: Relative Mortality Dependent On the Hm And Other Independentsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mortality Predicted by different Hematological Malignancy types, Bacteremia, and Lack of Chemotherapy at Kinshasa University Clinics

Longo-Mbenza

Nkanga

Matoumona

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective To identify environmental, pollutant metals, epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and able to predict case fatality among patients with anemia and hematological malignancy (HM). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in black patient’s ≥ 20 years managed for recurrent fever, infections, anemia, and bacteremia between 2009 and 2015 at Kinshasa University Clinics, DRC. The outcomes such as incident HM and case fatality were assessed using univariate means, standard errors, relative risk (RR) and multivariate proportional Hazard ratio (HR) by Cox regression analysis, while Log-Rank test was performed for comparisons by Kaplan Meier curves (means, 95% CI, and median survival). Results Out of 105 incident HM patients (Male: Female ratio = 1), 57.1% (n= 60) experienced case fatality, There was no association between gender, residence, ethnicity, fever and mortality. There was a significant univariate association between age ≥ 55 years, serum chromium, serum cadmium, serum iodine, serum mercury, rainy season, hemolytic anemia, HM, bone pain, elevated Erythrocyte sedimentation, splenomegaly, abdominal pain, neutropenia, El Nino years, combined local dry season + global climate variability/El Nino, thrombocytopenia, multi-transfusions, bacteremia, lack of chemotherapy, and mortality. After adjusted for confounders using Cox regression models, only incident HM (HR = 16.8; 95% CI, P< 0.0001), Lack of chemotherapy (HR = 6.9, 95% CI, P< 0.002), and Bacteremia (HR= 4.2; 95% CI, P= 0.020) were the most significant and independent predictors of mortality. A separate analysis for HM patients, the mortality rates did not vary (P> 0.05) across HM sub-types: 71.4% (n= 10/14) in multiple myeloma, 84.3% (n= 15/18) in acute myeloid leukemia, 70% (n= 7/10) in myelodysplastic syndromes, 80% (n= 8/10) in chronic myeloid leukemia, 33.3% (n= 2/6) in acute myeloid leukemia, and 80% (n= 4/5) in acute lymphoid leukemia. Conclusion HM is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with epidemic rates explained by lack of chemotherapy, and recurrent bacteremia among Bantu patients facing aging, climate change, rainy seasons, and lack of palliative care.

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Section: Relative Mortality Dependent On the Hm And Other Independentsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mortality Predicted by different Hematological Malignancy types, Bacteremia, and Lack of Chemotherapy at Kinshasa University Clinics

Longo-Mbenza

Nkanga

Matoumona

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…A comprehensive review on thyroid cancer 181 concluded that iodine excess may be a weak promoter; a recent meta-analysis of 16 studies reported an OR of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9) between exposure to excessive iodine intakes and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, a tendency that was more pronounced when considering only studies conducted in high iodine intake regions (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5). 182 Finally, Cao et al 183 found that an iodine intake >300 g/day decreased the risk of thyroid cancer (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.6-0.9). Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system, and more long-term data from large case-control studies with an accurate estimation of iodine intake are needed to assess the potential relationship with excessive iodine intakes.…”

Section: Graves' Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

“…A comprehensive review on thyroid cancer concluded that iodine excess may be a weak promoter; a recent meta‐analysis of 16 studies reported an OR of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1–1.9) between exposure to excessive iodine intakes and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, a tendency that was more pronounced when considering only studies conducted in high iodine intake regions (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4–3.5) . Finally, Cao et al . found that an iodine intake >300 μg/day decreased the risk of thyroid cancer (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9).…”

Section: Thyroid Disorders Associated With Iodine Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

Farebrother

Zimmermann

Andersson

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

189

131

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Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. High iodine intakes are well tolerated by most healthy individuals, but in some people, excess iodine intakes may precipitate hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and/or thyroid autoimmunity. Individuals with preexisting thyroid disease or those previously exposed to iodine deficiency may be more susceptible to thyroid disorders due to an increase in iodine intake, in some cases at intakes only slightly above physiological needs. Thyroid dysfunction due to excess iodine intake is usually mild and transient, but iodine‐induced hyperthyroidism can be life‐threatening in some individuals. At the population level, excess iodine intakes may arise from consumption of overiodized salt, drinking water, animal milk rich in iodine, certain seaweeds, iodine‐containing dietary supplements, and from a combination of these sources. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of a population reflects the total iodine intake from all sources and can accurately identify populations with excessive iodine intakes. Our review describes the association between excess iodine intake and thyroid function. We outline potential sources of excess iodine intake and the physiological responses and consequences of excess iodine intakes. We provide guidance on choice of biomarkers to assess iodine intake, with an emphasis on the UIC and thyroglobulin.

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“…In animal models, for example, both excess and deficit of iodine increase the proliferation of thyroid cells and the formation of thyroid adenomas, but do not affect the risk of carcinogenesis. However, upon exposure to radiation, these animals (both those with deficient and excessive iodine status) show increased risk of thyroid cancer, leading to the hypothesis that both excess and deficiency may be considered “promoters” of thyroid cancer rather than “inducers” [17, 18]. Furthermore, iodine deficiency promotes the generation of oxygen reactive species that cause direct DNA damage and apoptosis and increased risk of mutations [19, 20].…”

Section: Iodine Intake and Its Thyroid Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status in the Colombian Population and the Impact of Universal Salt Iodization: A Double-Edged Sword?

Vargas‐Uricoechea

Pinzón-Fernández

Bastidas-Sánchez

et al. 2019

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Iodine deficiency and iodine excess have severe consequences on human health and have been associated with the presence of goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules and thyroid autoimmunity, poor mental health, and impaired intellectual development. Universal salt iodization programs have been considered one of the most cost-effective interventions for the prevention of iodine deficiency-associated disorders, as evidenced over time since the implementation of such programs. However, these efforts have also led to an excessive consumption of iodine in certain geographical regions, due to salt overuse. Consequently, the amount of iodine derived from salt intake exceeds the established limits required for achieving the right balance between salt consumption and health benefits and leads to undesirable health effects. In Colombia, the recommendations and standards for the production and commercialization of iodized salt are fully complied with. Nevertheless, there is a remarkable rate of iodine excess among the country’s population, which, at least hypothetically, represents a higher risk for developing functional and structural disorders of the thyroid gland. This review analyzes universal salt iodization programs worldwide, particularly their impact on the thyroid gland and the results of the studies conducted in Colombia following the implementation of such strategy.

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The relationship between iodine intake and the risk of thyroid cancer

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Mortality Predicted by different Hematological Malignancy types, Bacteremia, and Lack of Chemotherapy at Kinshasa University Clinics

Mortality Predicted by different Hematological Malignancy types, Bacteremia, and Lack of Chemotherapy at Kinshasa University Clinics

Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

Iodine Status in the Colombian Population and the Impact of Universal Salt Iodization: A Double-Edged Sword?

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