The relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life among people with mental illness: are self-esteem and sense of coherence sequential mediators?

Abstract

PurposeTo elucidate the mechanism through which internalized stigma reduces the quality of life (QoL) of people with mental illness by exploring the mediating roles of self-esteem and sense of coherence (SOC).MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of 229 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or affective disorders was undertaken to test a sequential mediation model assuming that more severe internalized stigma is related to lower self-esteem, which is associated with weaker SOC, which in turn relates to worse QoL.ResultsThe proposed model was supported by the data. A sequential indirect effect from internalized stigma to QoL via self-esteem and SOC turned out to be significant [beta = −0.06, SE = 0.02; 95% CI (−0.11, −0.03)]. Support was also found for simple mediation models with either self-esteem or SOC as single mediators between internalized stigma and QoL.ConclusionsSelf-esteem and SOC are personal resources that should be considered as potential targets of interventions aiming to prevent the harmful consequences of internalized stigma for the QoL of people receiving psychiatric treatment.

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Resilience on the Relationship Between Internalized Stigma and Quality of Life in People with Schizophrenia

“…Self-esteem and resilience in people with schizophrenia are associated with their quality of life [14]. People with schizophrenia often perceive themselves as incompetent and fall into helplessness after experiencing frequent cycles of admission and discharge, social isolation, and social stigma; consequently, they are at risk for a decreased quality of life as they develop low levels of self-esteem [14,15]. In addition, resilience in the daily lives of people with schizophrenia affects their functional level and thus is closely associated with the quality of life [16].…”

Development of Learning Devices Based on Guided Discovery to Improve Students’ Mathematical Reasoning Ability and Self-Esteem

“…the number of valid responses. Greater total scores indicate higher self-esteem (Switaj et al, 2017(Switaj et al, : 2473. Data obtained based on students' self-esteem questionnaires were analyzed to classify the results of self-esteem questionnaires which can be done using descriptive statistical formulas as follows:  Highest score = 108  Lowest score = 27  Number of classes = 3 range = highest score  range = highest score -lowest score = 108 -2 7 = 81  Interval = range/(number of class) = 81/3 = 27 After that, the overall level of students' self-esteem is obtained by descriptive analysis of the percentage of self-esteem based on the following formula (Julia, 2017: 3):…”

A Survey Towards Holistic Management of Schizophrenia

“…Cognitive behaviour therapy; yoga as an add-on to antipsychotic drugs which improves cognitive impairment thus leading to improved relationships Lewis et al, 2002;Varambally et al, 2012;Iyer et al, 2011;Ramsay et al, 2011) Records (Teesson et al, 2004;Morrison, 2009;Cormac et al, 2002;Dickerson et al, 2011) Lack of sense of stability and security such as homelessness Antipsychotics; CBT as an adjunct to antipsychotics (Morrison, 2009;Jaeger et al, 2015;Teesson et al, 1990;Folsom & Jeste, 2002;Coldwell et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2017;Nelson et al, 2007) Lack of support groups Along with antipsychotics, CBT and yoga Fontanella et al, 2014) Lack of employment CBT, yoga, antipsychotic medications and job training including vocational intervention program (Kinoshita et al, 2013;Lysaker et al, 2009;Killackey et al, 2006;Major et al, 2010;Rinaldi et al, 2004;Bond et al, 2012) Lack of education and training CBT, yoga and antipsychotic drugs that improve cognitive impairment Lysaker et al, 2009;Vargas et al, 2014) Lack of recreation and entertainment CBT and Yoga-CBT addresses the issue of cognitive dysfunction and yoga contributes to sense of wellbeing that helps in having recreation and entertainment (Beck et al, 2005) Stigmatisation CBT (Koschorke et el., 2017;Świtaj et al, 2017 ) Lack of public guardianship CBT-in the absence of family support, public guardianship is very important that may be achieved by effective CBT (Harvey et al, 2013) Suicide prevention CBT and antipsychotic drugs reduces suicidal ideations (Hor et al, 2010;Mamo, 2007;Galletly et al, 2016;…”