The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease

McArdle, Peter; McMillan, Donald C.; Sattar, Naveed; Wallace, Andrew M.; Underwood, Mark A.

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602211

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similarly, inflammation may play a role in PCa development (23). Indeed, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Il-6 have been linked with both CAD progression and poorer PCa outcomes (24,25). Unfortunately, CRP levels or any other marker of systemic inflammation were not available in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Baseline History of Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the REDUCE Study

Thomas

Gerber

Bañez

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and prostate cancer (PCa) are not only common diseases, but share many risk factors. To date, only a few studies have explored the relationship between CAD and PCa risk, with conflicting results.Methods: The four-year REDUCE study tested dutasteride 0.5 mg daily for PCa risk reduction in men with prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 2.5 to 10.0 ng/mL and a negative biopsy. Among men who underwent at least one on-study biopsy (n ¼ 6,729; 82.8%), the association between CAD and overall PCa risk and disease grade was examined with logistic and multinomial logistic regression adjusting for clinicopathologic features, respectively.Results: Overall, 547 men (8.6%) had a history of CAD. Men with CAD were significantly older and had higher body mass index, PSA, and larger prostate volumes and were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and take aspirin and statins. On multivariate analysis, CAD was associated with a 35% increased risk of PCa diagnosis (OR ¼ 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.67, P ¼ 0.007), while elevating risk of both low-(OR ¼ 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.73, P ¼ 0.02) and high-grade disease (OR ¼ 1.34, 95% CI: 0.95-1.88, P ¼ 0.09).Conclusions: In a post hoc hypothesis developing secondary analysis of the REDUCE study, CAD was significantly associated with increased PCa diagnosis.Impact: If confirmed in other studies, this suggests CAD may be a novel PCa risk factor and suggests common shared etiologies. Whether lifestyle changes shown to reduce CAD risk (i.e., weight loss, exercise, cholesterol reduction, etc.) can reduce PCa risk, warrants further study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 576-81. Ó2012 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Baseline History of Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the REDUCE Study

Thomas

Gerber

Bañez

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…It is of interest therefore that McArdle et al (2004b) have recently reported that the relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was similar in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, and that there was no relationship between interleukin-6 and PSA concentrations. This would suggest that, in prostate cancer at least, interleukin-6 is produced by the inflammatory cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between tumour T-lymphocyte infiltration, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer

et al. 2005

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There is increasing evidence that both local and systemic inflammatory responses play an important role in the progression of a variety of common solid tumours. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between tumour T-lymphocyte subset infiltration, the systemic inflammatory response and cancer-specific survival in patients with colorectal cancer. In all, 147 patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer were studied. Circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein were measured prior to surgery. CD4 þ and CD8 þ T-lymphocyte infiltration of the tumour was assessed using immunohistochemistry and a point counting technique. When patients were grouped according to the percentage tumour volume of CD4 þ T-lymphocytes, there was no difference in terms of age, sex, tumour site, stage and tumour characteristics. However, there was an inverse relationship between percentage tumour CD4 þ T-lymphocytes and C-reactive protein (Po0.01). On univariate analysis, both C-reactive protein concentrations (Po0.001) and percentage tumour volume of CD4 þ (Po0.05) T-lymphocytes were associated with cancer-specific survival. The results of the present study show that low tumour CD4 þ T-lymphocyte infiltration is associated with elevated C-reactive protein concentrations and both predict poor cancer-specific survival.

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“…There is evidence to suggest that interleukin-6, which is largely responsible for the production of CRP [9][10][11] , can be produced by prostatic tumours [12] . Furthermore, increased circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 have been shown to be associated with reduced survival in patients with prostate cancer [13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Inflammatory Response, Prostate-Specific Antigen and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Pa¹,

Mir²,

As³

et al. 2006

Urol Int

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Background: It is increasingly recognised that, in cancer patients, disease progression is dependent on a complex interaction of the tumour and the host inflammatory response and that the systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, may be a useful prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: The prognostic value of CRP compared with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was examined in 62 patients with metastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy. Results: In all, 41 (66%) of patients died, 38 (61%) of their disease. On univariate survival analysis, PSA (p < 0.05) and CRP (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of cancer-specific survival. On multivariate analysis, both PSA (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.00–3.83, p = 0.049) and CR (HR 1.97, 95% CI 0.99–3.92, p = 0.052) were independent predictors of cancer-specific survival. PSA concentrations were significantly correlated with those of CRP (r_s = 0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the presence of an elevated CRP concentration predicts poor outcome, independent of PSA.

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The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Baseline History of Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the REDUCE Study

Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Baseline History of Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the REDUCE Study

The relationship between tumour T-lymphocyte infiltration, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer

Systemic Inflammatory Response, Prostate-Specific Antigen and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer

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