The relationship between intellectual ability and the treatment needs of offenders in a therapeutic community prison

Newberry, Michelle; Shuker, Richard

doi:10.1080/14789949.2011.586715

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The overall results of the study suggest that LD offenders have increased relating deficits compared to the non-LD offenders, supporting the assertion that lower functioning offenders have more complex treatment needs (Newberry & Shuker, 2011). The LD offenders demonstrated increased scores on the Lower Distant scale, reflecting a negative relating style associated with vulnerability, obedience and a tendency to withdraw from social situations.…”

Section: <> Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Thus, any understanding of the association between negative relating and offending within the LD population, and how relating styles might differ between LD and non-LD offenders is limited. Newberry and Shuker (2011) found that prisoners with lower levels of intellectual ability had increased psychological instability and greater treatment needs. Such gaps in knowledge need to be addressed in order to assess whether the findings of Shine and Birtchnell (2002) and Newberry and Birtchnell (2011) can be generalised to all types of offenders regardless of intellectual ability.…”

Section: Relating Style Amongst Ld Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders

Craven¹,

Tonkin

2017

JFP

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Understanding the relating style of offenders is a relatively new concept in forensic psychology with research focusing on the association between relating and different categories of offenders (Newberry & Birtchnell, 2011). 'Relating theory' is based on the premise that we are born with a predisposition to relate to others in eight primary ways, and with maturity we can achieve a competent relating style. These eight positions incorporate the four key relating objectives of 'upperness', 'lowerness', 'closeness' and 'distance' that form the basis of the interpersonal octagon. The interpersonal octagon is organised around two intersecting axes: 'close' versus 'distant' on the horizontal axis, and 'upper' versus 'lower' on the vertical axis. A blend of the horizontal and vertical states create four intermediate positions completing the octagon. 'Close' is an interactional process of seeking closeness with the desire to gain greater involvement with others, whilst individuals with a 'distant' relating style have a need for separation and self-efficacy (Birtchnell, 1994). 'Upper' is a multifaceted relating objective that allows an individual to gain a sense of superiority in relation to others, versus 'lower' where the individual has a dependent relating style (Birtchnell, 1994). A relating style that lacks versatility and competence is known as negative relating.Final peer reviewed manuscript accepted in Journal of Forensic Practice, 2017.Relationship status and relating styles are incorporated within actuarial and dynamic risk assessments e.g. Risk Matrix 2000(Thornton, 2010 and Structured Assessment of Risk and Need (Home Office, 2005). Using these assessments on learning-disabled (LD) offenders can increase their risk level (Brown & Stein, 1997) as they are less likely to have engaged in an enduring relationship due to interpersonal deficits (Day, 1994). Although relationship status is an integral part of assessing risk, limited research has focused on the offender's relating ability. Developing an understanding of the negative relating styles of LD and non-LD offenders is essential to identifying the treatment needs of these distinct groups. By increasing our knowledge of LD offenders and their associated relating styles, the theoretical underpinnings of risk assessments can be enhanced. In line with the Risk Need Responsivity approach (Bonta & Andrews, 2007) increased knowledge of the risk and needs of LD offenders can support the development of LD-specific interventions.The interpersonal octagon is a well-validated and accepted model for defining and classifying relating styles. The Person's Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ2) was designed to measure relating within the octagon and has been used in various studies to assess relating styles in psychotherapy settings (Birtchnell, 2002), with depressed patients (Birtchnell et al., 1992), and personality disorders (Birtchnell & Shine, 2000). The shorter PROQ3 was designed to measure negative relating, as illustrated in Figure 1 and has been shown t...

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Section: <> Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Relating Style Amongst Ld Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders

Craven¹,

Tonkin

2017

JFP

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“…Studies were excluded if they did not use standardized and validated testing (Talbot ), did not report on mental and/or physical health of prisoners with ID (Hayes et al . ; Herrington ) or focussed on impaired intellectual functioning rather than ID (Newberry & Shuker ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article reports on the nature and prevalence of comorbidities and/or coexisting mental and physical health issues among prisoners with ID. Studies were excluded if they did not use standardized and validated testing (Talbot 2008), did not report on mental and/or physical health of prisoners with ID (Hayes et al 2007;Herrington 2009) or focussed on impaired intellectual functioning rather than ID (Newberry & Shuker 2011).…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Disabilities Among Prisoners: Prevalence and Mental and Physical Health Comorbidities

Hellenbach

Karatzias

Brown

2016

Research Intellect Disabil

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“…A high prevalence of anger, aggression and impulsivity has been found in this client group (Parry and Lindsay, 2003; Taylor, 2002; Taylor and Novaco, 2005), as well as a high prevalence of personality disorder (Reid et al, 2004). Newberry and Shuker (2011) found men with an IQ between 70 and 80 had more complex treatment needs, more emotional instability, hostility, tough-mindedness and criminal thinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The reliability and validity of the Adaptive Functioning Assessment Tool in UK custodial settings

Ross

Hocken

Auty

2018

J Intellect Disabil

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Adaptive functioning (AF) has been overlooked in the assessment of intellectual disability within the UK Prison Service, primarily because there are no reliable and valid measures of AF suitable for use with prison populations. This position is incompatible with the obligation of Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service to provide specialist interventions for individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Adaptive Functioning Assessment Tool (AFAT), a new measure of AF developed for use in prisons. The AFAT was completed on 61 participants (mean age 41, standard deviation 11.8). Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's α. Construct validity was assessed using linear regression and a Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis. The findings provide evidence to support the AFAT being a reliable and valid measure of AF in prison populations.

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The relationship between intellectual ability and the treatment needs of offenders in a therapeutic community prison

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders

Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders

Intellectual Disabilities Among Prisoners: Prevalence and Mental and Physical Health Comorbidities

The reliability and validity of the Adaptive Functioning Assessment Tool in UK custodial settings

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