The relationship between inclusions characteristic parameters and bending fatigue performance of 20Cr2Ni4A gear steel

Wang, Zhiyuan; Xing, Zhiguo; Wang, Haidou; Shan, Debin; Huang, Yongbo; Xu, Zhenhai; Xie, Fengkuan

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2021.106594

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Regression equation with correlation coefficient r of the tested steel after hardening from 880 °C and tempering at 300 °C are presented in Equation (8). k(300) = −0.0247 • λ + 1.3539 and r = 0.9087 (8) The fatigue strength coefficient determined for rotational bending k of the tested steel after hardening at 880 °C and tempering at 400 °C, depending on the size and spacing of impurities λ, is shown in Figure 6. Regression equation with correlation coefficient r of the tested steel after hardening from 880 • C and tempering at 300 • C are presented in Equation (8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k(300) = −0.0247 • λ + 1.3539 and r = 0.9087 (8) The fatigue strength coefficient determined for rotational bending k of the tested steel after hardening at 880 °C and tempering at 400 °C, depending on the size and spacing of impurities λ, is shown in Figure 6. Regression equation with correlation coefficient r of the tested steel after hardening from 880 • C and tempering at 300 • C are presented in Equation (8). k (300) = −0.0247 • λ + 1.3539 and r = 0.9087 (8) The fatigue strength coefficient determined for rotational bending k of the tested steel after hardening at 880 • C and tempering at 400 • C, depending on the size and spacing of impurities λ, is shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Impurities have a large impact on the mechanical properties of high-quality steel and the role of impurities in steel may be different [7][8][9][10]. It depends on the type, size, shape of the impurities, and the distribution of the inclusions, but also on the structure of the steel, which is their matrix of impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Impurities Spacing on Fatigue Strength Coefficient

Lipiński

2023

Coatings

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The influence of impurities present in steel on fatigue strength has been the subject of research conducted for many years. Despite a large number of studies, there is no unambiguous explanation of the influence of impurities on the fatigue life of steel. The interpretation of the results becomes more complicated as the ductility of the steel increases. For this reason, most of the research concerns low-ductility hard steels. In addition, the studies presented in the literature mostly concern laboratory conditions, which the authors of the papers have tried (with varying degrees of success) to adapt to industrial research. There are a few studies on the influence of impurities in steel on the fatigue resistance factor. The coefficient k is the result of the fatigue strength zg divided by the hardness of the steel. With its help, it is possible to determine the fatigue strength depending on the hardness of the steel. In the presented work, an attempt was made to determine the impact of impurities of different sizes and located at different distances from each other on the fatigue strength coefficient. The analysis was carried out at seven heats made in industrial conditions. Melting was carried out in electric furnaces with a capacity of 140 tons. Steel from all melts was subjected to desulfurization. Samples with a diameter of 18 mm were taken. The samples were hardened from the austenitizing temperature of 880 °C. To diversify the microstructure and mechanical properties, the steel was tempered at temperatures from 200 to 600 °C. After heat treatment, the samples were subjected to rotational bending. Based on the tests, it was found that the fatigue strength coefficient k depends on the size of the impurities and the distance between the inclusions. A difference in the specific k-factors was noted depending on the microstructure of the steel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Impurities Spacing on Fatigue Strength Coefficient

Lipiński

2023

Coatings

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“…The subject of the influence of impurities on the parameters describing the fatigue strength of steel is very popular [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Analyzing the available literature, no analysis of fatigue resistance coefficient was found in the scatter index function, which is the quotient of the average size of contamination and the average distance between contaminations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Scatter Index of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Structural Steel on the Fatigue Resistance Coefficient

Lipiński

2023

Materials

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One of the main parameters characterizing steel is tensile strength. Conducting actual research is time consuming and expensive. For this reason, the technique uses simplified methods that allow one to quickly estimate the resistance of the material to fatigue. They are conducted mainly by computer methods. For the proper development of programs to determine the fatigue parameters of steel, solid data preparation is necessary. Unfortunately, some studies are performed on materials produced in laboratory conditions, which is only an approximation of the actual production conditions. Real alloys contain natural impurities which can affect their properties. Therefore, it is important to use real results obtained on an industrial scale for analysis including computer simulations. One of the important parameters that can be used to describe the properties of steel is the scatter index. It is the quotient of the average distance between the pollution and the average size of the pollution. This parameter makes it possible to take into account the fatigue strength of steel, taking into account the size of impurities and the distance between these impurities. The paper attempted to determine the scatter index and its impact on the fatigue resistance coefficient for steel melted in an industrial 140 ton electric furnace. The tests were carried out on structural steel with an average carbon content of 0.26%. The steel was hardened and tempered in all temperature tempering ranges (low, medium, and high). The fatigue resistance coefficient in the scatter index function was determined and discussed for each of the applied heat treatment parameters.

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“…Due to the long-term stress existing on gear during the driving process of the automobile, an excellent purity is necessary for gear steel to ensure its fatigue life. [1][2][3] It is widely accepted that the inclusion type is related to the steel fatigue life, and some researchers believe that MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusion is harmful to fatigue life because of its angular shape, is solid at steelmaking temperatures, and tends to clog steelmaking nozzles. [4,5] With the modification of Ca in steel, MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusion can be modified to liquid or semiliquid calcium aluminate inclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Timing Addition of Ferrosilicon with Al and Ca Impurities on Inclusion Formation in Al‐Killed Automobile Gear Steel SCr420H

Sun

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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The current study investigates the effect of the timing of the addition of ferrosilicon with Al and Ca impurities on the inclusion evolution during the refining process of Al‐killed gear steel SCr420H. To achieve this aim, laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations are conducted. The process sample, the ingot sample, and ferrosilicon are polished and analyzed by scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that Ca and Al impurities mainly exist as intermetallic compounds or are segregated on the phase boundary between FeSi2 and Si in the ferrosilicon. The Ca content of the ingot increased with the delay of adding the ferrosilicon with Al and Ca impurities. In case the ferrosilicon is added at the end of the refining process, many liquid calcium aluminate inclusions can be observed in the ingot, which indicates that changing the timing of adding ferrosilicon with Al and Ca impurities is a promising way to modify inclusion to liquid inclusion. Based on the thermodynamic calculation, MgO‐saturated spinel is more easily modified into CaO–Al2O3 inclusion than spinel with low MgO content. When ferrosilicon is added in steel containing enough Mg, inclusions are transformed into spinel with high MgO content first, and afterward are modified into liquid calcium aluminate inclusions.

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The relationship between inclusions characteristic parameters and bending fatigue performance of 20Cr2Ni4A gear steel

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Impurities Spacing on Fatigue Strength Coefficient

Effect of Impurities Spacing on Fatigue Strength Coefficient

Influence of the Scatter Index of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Structural Steel on the Fatigue Resistance Coefficient

Effect of the Timing Addition of Ferrosilicon with Al and Ca Impurities on Inclusion Formation in Al‐Killed Automobile Gear Steel SCr420H

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