The relationship between IL-6, ET-1 and cerebral vasospasm, in experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage

Croci, Davide Marco; Nevzati, Edin; Danura, H.; Schöpf, Salome; Fandiño, Javier; Marbacher, Serge; Muroi, Carl

doi:10.23736/s0390-5616.16.03876-5

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The same procedure was performed at day 3 for follow up. The caliber of the basilar artery (BA) was measured, as previously described (the midpoint of the basilar artery, and 0.5 cm above and below), in a blinded manner using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) [1,33]. To assess the degree of DCVS, the relative change between baseline and follow up was compared [1,30,34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caliber of the basilar artery (BA) was measured, as previously described (the midpoint of the basilar artery, and 0.5 cm above and below), in a blinded manner using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) [1,33]. To assess the degree of DCVS, the relative change between baseline and follow up was compared [1,30,34]. Following baseline DSA on day 0, either induction of SAH or sham procedure was performed, as described earlier [30,31,32,35,36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflammatory pathway due to blood hemolysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been recognized to be one of the leading factors causing DCVS and DCI. Different cytokines and interleukins have been described as mediators of the inflammation cascade initiated by blood products in the subarachnoid space, leading to DCVS and DCI [1,2,3,4]. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a family of cytokines which induces a group of different cytokines and the expression of integrins on leukocytes and endothelial cells mediating the inflammatory response [5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IL-6 concentrations are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in animal models of SAH and in patients suffering SAH. Moreover, high concentrations of CSF IL-6 correspond to worse clinical outcomes in patients affected by SAH [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that to date no medical treatment has been shown to properly prevent the onset of DCVS and DCI after SAH, the outcome of patients affected by DCVS and DCI after SAH remains very poor. As previously described, the inflammation reaction initiated in early brain injury phase after SAH is highly involved in the development of DCVS and DCI [1,3,18,27]. IL-1α is one of the key player and the earliest interleukins released during the sterile inflammation cascade [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1α Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2019

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Background: The inflammatory pathway in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leads to delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The role of IL-1α has never been evaluated in a rabbit SAH model. The aim of our study is to analyze systemic and CSF changes of IL-1α, and to evaluate potential associations with the onset of DCVS in a rabbit closed cranium SAH model. Methods: 17 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into two groups, SAH (n = 12) and sham (n = 5). In the first group, SAH was induced by extracranial-intracranial shunting from the subclavian artery into the cerebral cistern of magna under intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The sham group served as a control. The CSF and blood samples for IL-1α measurement were taken at day zero before SAH induction and at day three. Results: There was a significant increase of ICP (p = 0.00009) and a decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (p = 0.00089) during SAH induction. At follow up, there was a significant increase of systemic IL-1α in the SAH as compared with the sham group (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF values in both groups. The CSF IL-1α values showed a correlation trend of DCVS. Conclusions: Systemic IL-1α levels are elevated after SAH induction in a rabbit SAH model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1α Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2019

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Preclinical and clinical role of interleukin-6 in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm and neuronal cell death after subarachnoid hemorrhage: towards a potential target therapy?

et al. 2021

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Delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), early brain injury (EBI), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are devastating complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Interleukin (IL)-6 seems to be an important interleukin in the inflammatory response after SAH, and many studies describe a strong correlation between IL-6 and worse outcome. The aim of this study was to systematically review preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated systemic and cerebral IL-6 levels after SAH and their relation to DCVS, neuronal cell death, and DCI. We conducted two systematic literature searches using Pub-Med to identify preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the role of IL-6 after SAH. Suitable articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 61 and 30 preclinical and clinical articles, respectively, were included in the systematic reviews. Of the preclinical studies in which IL-6 was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), parenchyma, and systemically, 100%, 94.4%, and 81.3%, respectively, showed increased expression of IL-6 after SAH. Preclinical results were mirrored by clinical findings in which elevated levels of IL-6 in CSF and plasma were found after SAH, correlating with DCVS, DCI, and worse outcome. Only two preclinical studies analyzed the direct inhibition of IL-6, which resulted in reduced DCVS and neuronal cell death. IL-6 is a marker of intracranial inflammation and plays a role in the pathophysiology of DCVS and DCI after SAH in preclinical animal models and clinical studies. Its inhibition might have therapeutic potential to improve the outcome of SAH patients.

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Tocilizumab Reduces Vasospasms, Neuronal Cell Death, and Microclot Formation in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Croci

Wanderer

Strange

et al. 2021

Transl. Stroke Res.

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The relationship between IL-6, ET-1 and cerebral vasospasm, in experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1α Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study

Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1α Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study

Preclinical and clinical role of interleukin-6 in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm and neuronal cell death after subarachnoid hemorrhage: towards a potential target therapy?

Tocilizumab Reduces Vasospasms, Neuronal Cell Death, and Microclot Formation in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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